The recent progress in selective catalytic hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene to chloroaniline is reviewed. The characteristic properties of platinum, palladium, ruthenium and nickel-based catalysts are summarized. The platinum-based catalysts have high activity and good selectivity, but Pt is very expensive and the hydrodechlorination side-reaction could not be fully suppressed; The palladium and nickle-based catalysts have very high activity, but the selectivity to chloroaniline is low with serious side-reaction. Amorphous alloy has good catalytic performance, while its stability has to be improved. The ruthenium-based catalysts have the highest selectivity at reasonable conversion, indicating a good potential for industrial application. Future research should focus on improving the activity of Ru-based catalyst.

This paper introduces the current status of special chemicals for coated paper and emphasizes the surface sizing agent, water resistant agent, dispersing agent, lubricant, water-proofing and oil-proofing agent and so forth. The development trend of special chemicals for coated paper is the green chemicals, functional chemicals, polymer surfactant and special polymer. The main products are surface sizing agents to increase the strength, degree of sizing, solvent resistance and printing compatibility, non-aldehyde water resistant agents, polymer dispersing agents and viscosity adjusting agent, silicone or fluorinated polymers.

Abstract：Disposal of waste tires has been one of global problems. Pyrolysis of waste tire to produce pyrolysis oil is one of the effective ways to solve this problem, and realize comprehensive utilization of solid wastes. The research development of pyrolysis of waste tire both at home and abroad was summarized: The techniques and characteristics of pyrolysis were compared in detail. International industrial applications were listed. The application prospect of pyrolysis oil was analyzed based on the results of research.

The recent research developments of the recovery and reuse of PVC and its mixtures by pyrolysis are reviewed. The process, conditions, kinetic parameters, existing problems, and suggestions for improvement of PVC pyrolysis are discussed. Two of the important problems to be solved for PVC pyrolysis are the separation and recovery of HCl produced, and the minimization of the chlorocarbons content of the liquid product. Lowering pyrolysis temperature and increasing pyrolysis efficiency should be emphasized.

This paper introduces the thermal stability of polycarbonates (PC) and its affecting factors. The effect of some additives，such as coupling agent: methyltrimethoxy silane and tetrabutyl orthotitanate，flame retardant: potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate (KSS) and poly(aminopropylphenylsilsesquioxane) (PAPSQ) on the thermal stability of PC are discussed. The analytical methods of the decomposition kinetics of the polymer: Kissinger method and Ozawa method are introduced. The recent researches and major results in the thermal degradation mechanism of PC are reviewed.

Some recent research results for catalytic conversion of methanol to olefins (MTO) on MFI molecular sieves, especially ZSM-5 molecular sieve were reviewed. The MFI molecular sieves modifications methods, such as high temperature steaming treatments, phosphorus and metal modifications, were discussed and their catalytic performance in MTO process were introduced. The progress of methanol to propylene technology by Lurgi was also presented.

3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) has many excellent chemical properties. It is an important potential compound for chemical engineering and a good intermediate to synthesize lots of valuable compounds. So far expensive and complex chemical methods to synthesize 3-HP have limited its use. This paper introduces the progress of producing 3-HP from glucose or glycerol by genetic engineering and microbial fermentation methods in the world.

In this paper，the present status of the polycarboxylate type superplasticizer is summarized. Its chemical structure，action mechanism，chemical synthesis and the relationship between molecule structure and performance are particularly discussed.

Essential oils refer to the active components from natural products. The selective extraction and separation of essential oils is of great importance. In this paper, the extraction and separation of essential oils using supercritical fluids was reviewed. The opitmal methods of extraction by using pure supercritical fluid, addtion of co-solvent and the combination of supercritical extraction with other separation technologies such as distillation, adsorption, molecular distillation, double retrograde vaporization, together with the application were also discussed.

Abstract：Fe2O3-SnO2 nanocomposite oxide photocatalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Serial methods were used to characterize the sample. The application of Fe2O3-SnO2 nanocomposite oxide as photocatalyst was practised by using acid blue as a model compound under the irradiation of Xe light.

Biodesulfurization of gasoline by a mycobacterium goodii X7B in an immobilized-cell system was investigated and the result showed that over 69.1% of the sulfur content in the straight-run gasoline was removed. Gas Chromatography with Atomic Emission Detector (GC-AED) was used to detect the distribution of sulfur compounds in gasoline before and after desulfurization. Mycobacterium goodii X7B could remove organic sulfur compounds in gasoline, such as thiol and sulfide effectively while the ability of mycobacterium goodii X7B to remove thiophene derivatives was limited and only 36% of thiophene derivatives could be removed.

A novel phosphorus-containing epoxy resin with good solubility and high thermal stability was obtained via the reaction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with 2-(5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-2-oxy- 1,3,2-dioxa- phosphorin-6-yl)1,4-benzenediol, and its structure and relative molecular weight distrubutuin were characterized with elemental analysis, FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). A phenol formaldehyde novolac resin (PN) was used as curing agent to prepare a thermoset resin with the phosphorus-containing epoxy resin. The thermal properties and thermal degradation behavior of the thermoset resin was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Phosphorus-containing cured resin exhibited higher glass transition temperature (165℃) than the ordinary disphenol-A epoxy resins (129℃) due to the high rigidity of its molecular chain. TGA studies showed high residue (700℃ 31%) of the PN-cured epoxy resin due to the presence of phosphorous in the main chain. A sample containing 2.25% (mass ratio) phosphorus had limiting oxygen index values of 29.5. The developed resin may be used potentially in electronic industries.

A flame retarding and smoke suppressing agent polyphosphoric cyanamine urea was prepared with phosphoric acid, melamine and urea as the raw materials. Then flame retarding and smoke suppressing epoxy was made by adding homemade flame retarding and smoke suppressing agent polyphosphoric cyanamine urea and curing agent maleic anhydride to epoxy resin. The water absorbing capacity of polyphosphoric cyanamine urea and the limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 V flame retardancy, thermal insulating properties, ablation velocity as well as light transmittance of flame retarding and smoke suppressing epoxy resin and pure epoxy resin were studied. The results showed that the epoxy resin with polyphosphoric cyanamine urea had better flame retardancy and smoke suppression than pure epoxy resin.

N-salicyl chitosan was prepared by reducing the Schiff` base formed from chitosan and salicylaldehyde. The chitosan derivative was crosslinked and applied for adsorption of 2，4-chlorophenol. The structure of the crosslinked product was characterized with FTIR. The effects of absorption time，pH value，the concentration of 2，4-chlorophenol and amount of modified chitosan on the adsorption efficiency of 2,4-chlorophenol were studied. The experimental results indicated that the modified chitosan were insoluble in water，acidic and basic solution. In the solution of pH 7，the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol reaches to 128.2 mg/g in 2 hours.

A representative unit duct model of the shell side in the rod baffle heat exchanger was presented. It is more convenient and efficient to simulate the complicated shell and tube heat exchanger with the unit duct model. Numerical analyses obtained the detailed distribution information of the flow field, pressure field and temperature field in the unit duct in the center region of the shell side of the rod baffle heat exchanger, which provide the theoretical basis for optimizing the structure and analyzing enhanced heat transfer mechanism of the rod baffle heat exchanger.

The Ca²⁺ salt solution as a new regenerant was presented in this paper. The influences of the calcium salt proportioning, temperature, dosage and flow rate on anion exchange fiber regeneration were studied. High regeneration can be obtained with 0.5 mol/L CaCl₂+8 g/L CaO+6.5 °Bx sucrose solution at 70～80 ℃, the dosage of the Ca²⁺ salt solution was about half of the raw decoloring syrup, the regenerant flow rate should be lower than that of the raw decoloring syrup. It was shown that stable decolorization rate and lower decline in exchange capacity could be achieved with the new regenerant. It performed more effectively than the traditional sodium salt regenerant with less discharge of waste water.

This paper introduces the main problems existing in the domestic low pressure steam system of large-scale iron and steel enterprises. Based on the analysis of the system structure of low pressure steam, the mathematical models of the different steam producers are developed and the optimal regulation model (improved simplex linear programming) is set up to get the optimal way. In addition, this paper takes one iron and steel enterprise as an example and does an empirical research on the result of the optimal model. Large energy-saving potential could be achieved by the optimal operational planning.

Two zeolite catalysts, ZSM-5 and ultrastable Y-type (USY), were used in a two-staged fixed bed reactor to pyrolyze waste tyre. According to the analysis of the composition of the light oil (boiling point<160℃) from the pyrolysis/catalytic cracking of waste tyre, the concentrations of single ring aromatics were increased. For example, while the pyrolysis temperature, catalytic cracking temperature and catalyst/tyre ratio were 500℃, 400℃ and 0.5, respectively, the concentration of benzene was 0.15% for the pyrolysis oil, 0.99% for the ZSM-5 catalytic cracking oil and 1.89% for the USY catalytic cracking oil. And under this condition, the concentration of toluene was 3.04% for the pyrolysis oil, 5.68% for the ZSM-5 catalytic cracking oil and 17.70% for the USY catalytic cracking oil, respectively. This result is important for the process of extracting chemical materials from the pyrolysis of waste tyre.

A study of extraction technology and equipment for the mass production of bio-diesel from cottonseed oil via transesterification was made. Under the optimal condition after reacting with methanol for 50 min, the maximum methyl ester yield was 99%. The bio-diesel fuel obtained from this technology had a similar specification with diesel fuel. The burning index of this bio-diesel fuel was similar with or even better than diesel fuel and the emission met Europe II standard.

Abstract：The development tendency of large-scale distillation units and energy conservation technology has been discussed. The primary problems existing in industrializing large-scale distillation equipments are pointed out，the magnifying & energy saving distillation technology developed by Tianjin University，such as low liquid-level gradient technology，uniform liquid-vapor distribution technology，anti-clogging technology and a series of tower internals technology，on the basis of modern mass transfer theory，hydrodynamics，calculation hydrodynamics & process system engineering theory，are introduced. Some successful cases in popularizing the key technology are enumerated.

Abstract：For a traditional condenser with tubeside vapor condensation vapor is completely condensed in one flow route without phase separation，and condensate accumulates to form thick film and complicated two phase flow which greatly decrease heat transfer coefficient and system stability and increases pressure drop. The way to enhance the performance of heat transfer is adding fins and/or inserts. Employed a very fine structure design，a kind of new high performance condenser was invented. This kind condenser would automatically separate liquid from vapor and make condensation always occur in short tubes or the entrance regions with droplet and unsteady thin film condensation mode in the whole condenser，which results in very high average heat transfer coefficient. An introduction is presented to describe the basic principle of a novel heat exchanger technology，particularly the understanding from the fundamental experimental investigations and industrial tests.

Abstract：In today’s petroleum industry, the optimization of raw materials for ethylene production has become very important. In China, alternatives to naphtha as ethylene cracker feedstock have been studied. Some of the secondary processing oil, such as topped oil is a good raw material for producing ethylene because of its good characteristics, and it is now used more often in practice. Some research on reaction kinetics of topped oil was done and a new model for topped oil pyrolysis was presented and used to simulate the topped oil pyrolysis experiment in Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Institute . The simulation results agreed well with experimental data. Our work provides the basis for further study of topped oil pyrolysis model and numerical simulation.

A novel chemical kinetics model was established to describe the combustion processes under the theoretical basis of elementary reaction of NO_x formation and reaction kinetics. The NO_x formation process was simulated by the new model with the CFD software, and the results were in good agreement with the experimental data. It can be concluded that the new established model is better than the equilibrium model and partial equilibrium model provided by the FLUENT module, when they are used to calculate the combustion processes.

Abstract：Multi-objective optimal design of batch process with minimization of investment and environmental impact has been addressed as a mono-objective optimization with a weight factor for the environment term. But there is no easy way to get a right value for the weight factor. It is necessary to solve the problem and give a group of solutions, so that the designer can have more alternatives to make decision. In the present paper, the problem is solved with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method combined with linear programming (LP) and a group of Pareto solutions are provided. The results are compared with those of mono-objective optimization with a weight factor for the environment term. The proposed method is shown to be effective for solving the addressed multi-objective optimization problems, and the results provide more alternatives for decision-making for batch plant design with the consideration of environmental impact.

Abstract：A model based on activated sludge wastewater treatment systems was presented. The objective was to optimize energy consumption and improve effluent quality. Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1) was used for bioreactor modeling. A case study was made for a complex activated sludge process including nitrification, denitrification and aeration. Optimization waas made for three reactor layouts. the results showed that the quality of effluent was improved, and TSS, COD, BOD and TKN of the effluent all satisfied the environment regulation. At the same time, lower operational costs (mainly pumping energy and aeration energy) were achieved (saving by about 1/4).

Abstract：An algorithm based on evaluation model is proposed to calculate the production of a chemical plant, which would be an effective solution for time lag in measurement and diverse methods of measurement. Firstly, the new conceptions of plantt boundary and evaluation model are presented. Secondly, the algorithm is proved to be effective theoretically. Finally, a practical example is given.

Abstract：The application of ASPEN’s PIMS for Wuhan Branch Company, SINOPEC is introduced in this article. The optimization and analysis of three cases, including the selection of reforming feed, the flow direction of vacuum residue and the maximum processable sulfur content of crude oil are implemented by PIMS. The results showed that (1) The benefit of purchased reforming feed changes with the change of aromatic hydrocarbon yield; (2) The benefit of selling vacuum residue can be realized only at a higher price; (3) The maximum processable sulfur content of crude oil for the present Wuhan branch company equipment is 0.85%.

Abstract：In this paper, the architecture, characteristics, function modules and key operation rules of environmental information real-time monitoring management system in petrochemical industry were introduced. Based on the real-time database system, an application system which realized the real-time monitoring of the enterprise’s environmental data was developed.

Abstract：Through close integration between new technologies, such as information technology and traditional petrochemical industry, new refinery-technology breakthroughs have been made to realize intelligent manufacturing and information integration, and improve production and management efficiency and lower production cost. The development trends of planning and optimization in refining and petrochemical industry is to realize the integration of various sectors, to simulate the process of production and operations relying on models and make planning more close to reality. Combining the design of the Advanced Planning System of PetroChina , this paper introduces the overall planning design of a multi-plant model, including various ways of expression of different aspects（raw material supply, production, transport and logistics, inter-company feed, product sales and inventory）in the model.

Abstract：A new method based on elements and chemical bonds was developed for estimating the normal boiling point of organic compounds. On the basis of 4 060 kinds of credible experimental data, 7 correlations were obtained by regression. The average relativeerror was 3.63%, less much than mostly used group-contribution methods for alkyne, chlorine derivative, iodine derivative, especially for alkane, bromine derivative, aromatic hydrocarbon , alicyclic hydrocarbon and sulfur-containing organic compounds.