In this paper the catalytic mechanism of SO /MxOy solid superacid catalyst was summarized, and the effects of the preparation methods, including nano-technique, low-temperature aging, coprecipitation impregnation, solid titanium oxide, on catalytic activity were analysed. Meanwhile the research progress in modification of catalysts on carriers, metals or ions, accelerants was discribed in detail. Finally the prospects of the research and applications of superacid catalysts were predicted.

Mesoporous silica SBA-15 has excellent physicochemical characteristics and structure properties，but it has no catalytic active sites because SBA-15 is composed of pure silica，and needs to be modified to introduce catalytic active sites. The recent progress of modification of mesoporous silica SBA-15 is reviewed in terms of three aspects，metal modified SBA-15 catalysts，acid modified SBA-15 catalysts and oxides modified SBA-15 catalysts. The effect of metal nanoparticles preparation on the catalytic properties is discussed.

In this paper，the development status for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in aqueous medium is reviewed. The mechanism of electrocatalytic reduction，the classification and selection of electrode and catalyst，and the effect of temperature，current density and pressure on the selective and Faradaic efficiency of reduction are discussed. The study areas and application prospective of the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 are proposed.

The preparation of porous membrane by supercritical CO2 fluid is a new method with many advantages. In this paper，the principle of preparation is introduced，and the influences of such conditions as pressure，concentration of polymer，temperature are analyzed. The final structure of porous membrane is decided by the diffusion speed of supercritical CO2 fluid inside the polymer and the plasticizing effect of polymer caused by supercritical CO2 fluid. In addition，the unique advantage sof the method is summarized.

This paper reviews a newseparation process known as membrane distillation (MD). A historical review of the development of MD is presented. The classification of MD, membrane preparation, transport phenomena, module design and application research are discussed in detail. The problems urgently to be resolved are presented.

The progress in preparation of iron oxide by using three-wastes, which includes settled dust, waste liquid and waste residue in China is summarized.The harmfulness and properties of three-wastes are discussed. The technical parameters, process and preparation principles of preparing iron oxide by using three-wastes are presented. The properties of iron oxide prepared from three-wastes are determined. Finally, the research directions of preparing iron oxide by using three- wastes and its application prospects are presented.

The separation mechanism of emulsion liquid membrane technique is presented. The progress of research in the application of emulsion liquid membrane technique to the recovery and extraction of metal ions, wastewater treatment, powder materials preparation and biomedicine is introduced. The separation performance and the types of membrane solvents, surfactants, internal phase, carriers used in different application researches are discussed in detail. The problems that restrict the commercialization of emulsion liquid membrane technique and it research directions are presented.

The progresses of solar energy heat pump (SEHP) in China and other countries is reviewed. The system of SEHP for heating consists of solar energy collector, latent heat thermal energy storage tank, floor radiant heating and control system. The technical performance of SEHP is analyzed and the future development of SEHP in China is prospected. Some urgent problems to be resolved are discussed. SEHP can improved system thermal performance and solar energy collector efficiency to meet　the　need of heating and hot water supply of buildings by using the solar energy system and an auxiliary　heat pump system.

Ion exchange chromatography is a promising technique for boron isotopes separation. It has relatively high efficiency and low energy consumption. The latest progress for enriching 10B isotope by ion exchange chromatography is reviewed. In current research, strong-base anion exchange resin, weak-base anion exchange resin and boron-specific resin are used as column packing material. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared. Some elements affecting the single-stage separation factor are discussed.

The synthesis process of peracetic acid and its industrial application in environment, energy engineering, polymer/resin industry and biomimetic chemistry are introduced. The drawbacks of the synthesis process are analyzed and the suggestion for improvement on the peracetic acid synthesis is also presented. The important roles of peracetic acid are more illustrated in various special oxidations in various industrial fields and synthesis chemistry apart from the biocidal activity and disinfecting action of peractic acid. It is proposed that more attentions should be paid to the development of the synthesis process of peracetic acid, especially the process by the one-step liquid phase oxidation of acetaldehyde, and the research on peracetic acid application in various industrial fields should be strengthened to promote the development of related industries.

The group resources of white-rot fungus and the enzyme system’s characteristics for lignin degradation are introduced, and the catalytic mechanisms of the three enzymes including lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the applications of different kinds of white-rot fungus, including biopulping, biobleaching and the treatment of effluent from paper-making, dyes, and so on are summarized. Based on the above discussion, some ideas about the further development of white-rot fungus are presented.

Plasma technology has been paid more and more attentions in the decontamination of chemical warfare agent. The applications of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and cold plasma reactor in the decontamination of contaminated surface and chemical warfare agent in air are summarized. The problems and development directions of plasma technology in the decontamination of chemical warfare agent are also presented.

Vanadium redox battery (VRB) is a new type of energy storage systems，which can be used not only as an integrated energy storage equipment in photovoltaic and wind power systems，but also for power grid peak shaving to improve power quality. Based on the principle and characteristics of VRB，this paper reviews the R&D status of VRB system，including historical review，VRB structure and the main parameters of typical experimental systems in the world，and the recent progresses of VRB in China. Some important expectations for VRB development in the future are given.

New desulfurization technologies have been developed in recent years to reduce the sulfur content in diesel fuel. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is considered to be one of the promising methods for super deep desulfurization of diesel fuel. The latest progress of ODS of diesel fuel is reviewed. The ODS researches include homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic oxidation using H2O2 and O2，oxidation assisted by ultrasound and photocatalytic oxidation. Oxidative desulfurization with air can be carried out under very mild conditions and in a shorter time. Moreover，it avoids the shortcoming of high cost and poor stability of H2O2 . Therefore，oxidative desulfurization with air will become an important study area for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel.

Carbon dioxide as a new type of mild oxidizer could selectively oxidize alkane，alkene，arene，alcohol to synthesize products with extra added value. Investigation and development of the new oxidation catalysis process are reviewed. The research and development prospects in mild oxidizer and catalyst of carbon dioxide are discussed.

The influence of major technical parameters，such as reaction temperature，feed organic concentration of wastewater，liquid flow rate etc. On the effect of catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) of spent caustic wastewater pretreated through acidification and neutralization was investigated in the trickle bed reactor (TBR) which was filled with catalyst MnOx/γ-Al2O3. The result indicated that temperature and liquid flow rate were two key factors that influence the reaction. The rate of reaction could be greatly increased with an increase of temperature，and the slower the liquid flow rate，the better the performance. High dissolution of metal ions in the first 15hr of continuous operation time was found，but was stabilized later and did not afffect the activity of the catalysts. The high catalyst-liquid ratio in the trickle-bed resulted in very fast reaction rate of spent caustic wastewater.

The cleaning process of ceramic membranes used in treating emulsified suspension was studied. The cleaning technical technology was confirmed by discussing the effects of technical parameters, such as dynamic cleaning, temperature, concentration of cleaning agent and operating modes. The results showed that the optimal physical cleaning at room temperature could restore the membrane’s standard permeability to higher than 96% of the original permeability. In the post-treatment process, permeation flux was not affected by cleaning agent concentration, but the cleaning process must be operated at a high flow rate.

A novel aminated chitosan derivative was prepared from chitosan through cross-linking, hydroxylpropyl-chloridization and amination. The effect of different amination agents and the amount of amination agent on the amino group content of the aminated chitosan derivative and the adsorption characteristics for flavones by the aminated chitosan derivative were investigated. The structure of the micorsphere was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that, the properties of the novel aminated chitosan derivative were improved significantly as compared with chitosan.

The powders of doped ZnO were synthesized by the solid-state reaction at a low temperature and the co-precipitation method respectively. Then the ZnO varistors were prepared at different sintering temperatures. The properties of the powders were characterized by means of XRD，SEM，TEM and BET，and the composition，microstructure of ZnO varistors were determined by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the average size of dope ZnO powders synthesized by the solid-state reaction at a low temperature was 23.95 nm，and that of doped ZnO powders by the co-precipitation method was 188 nm. The ZnO varistors prepared from the solid-state reaction powders and sintered at 1 080 ℃ had the following electric properties：potential gradient of 791.64 V/mm，nonlinear coefficient of 24.36. The ZnO varistors prepared from the co-precipitation powders and sintered at 1 130 ℃ had the following electric properties：potential gradient of 330.99 V/mm，nonlinear coefficient of 19.7.

Pure phase olivine-type LiFePO4 and composite cathode material LiFePO4/C were synthesized by the liquid-state co-precipitation method. The properties of LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C were systemically studied via the methods of AAS，XRD，SEM，tapped density，etc. The electrochemical properties were tested by using analogous assembled cells. The results showed that LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C were both simple pure phase olivine-type and the tapped density of the former could reach 1.67 g/cm3. After carbon coating，the tapped density decreased a little but had a good charge-discharge voltage plateau. Compared with pure phase LiFePO4，LiFePO4/C had better discharge capacities and excellent cycle performance，and its first discharge capacity was 158.1 mA·h/g at 0.2 mA/cm2 and even at 0.4 mA/cm2at room temperature，LiFePO4/C also had high discharge capacity of 150.0 mA·h/g. After 20 times cycling，the specific capacities were 154.2 mA·h/g，137.2 mA·h/g respectively.

Three chlorostyrene strongly acidic cation exchange resins were prepared from o-, m-, p-chorostyrene and divinylbenzene. The thermal stability of o-chlorostyrene strongly acidic cation exchange resin was the highest. In water at 170℃ the degradation of the prepared resin was less than 14.0% in 100 hours, and degradation rate was 0.0028%/h. In the transalkylation of dinonanylphenol with phenol by using the prepared resin as catalyst, the conversion of dinonanylphenol was more than 99%, and the resin had good stability in this reaction system.

The catalyst of Cl－/Fe2O3 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. In this paper，rice husk，pubescens and corn stalk were liquefied by using Cl－/Fe2O3 as catalyst. The influences of the amount of the catalyst，reaction temperature and reaction time on the catalyst activity for the biomass conversion were investigated，and the life test of the catalyst was carried out. The results showed that Cl－/Fe2O3 could be used as the catalyst in the liquefaction of biomass. The best operation conditions were reaction temperature of 300 ℃，reaction time of 3 hours and the amount of the catalyst of 4% (wt%). The catalyst was re-used 5 times，and the conversion of corn stalk was up to 90%. All the above results showed that the catalyst had good activity and stability.

Acetanilide，hexane diacid and potassium hydrogen phthalate were used as additives to improve polyvinyl chloride (PVC) crystallinity. From the analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectrum，differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X-ray diffraction，it is found that all of the three organic compounds were compatible with PVC to some extent，but the compatibility between PVC and hexane diacid was less satisfactory. Acetanilide and hexane diacid，potassium hydrogen phthalate could improve PVC crystallinity. For all samples，PVC chains in the crystalline phase were of all- trans extended syndiotactic configuration，and acetanilide and hexane diacid could make the conformation of chains in the amorphous phase more stable than pure PVC，while potassium hydrogen phthalate decreased the stability of chain conformation in the amorphous phase. The three additives did not influence PVC crystal system，and all samples were in the orthorhombic system.

The trend of microminiaturization of chemo-mechanical system was reviewed. The idea of miniaturization and microminiaturization of chemo-mechanical system (MMCMS) was proposed. To illustrate the high performance of MMCMS, some practical cases were studied. Compared with the conventional equipment, the high performance of compact heat exchangers, micro-channel heat exchangers and micro-channel reactors were demonstrated. Potential applications of MMCMS technology in the new century were discussed. The enabling technology for manufacturing MMCMS was also highlighted.

The second RFCC of Yanshan refinery is the only one FCC in which oxygen enrichment regeneration technology have been used at present in China. This article gives some analysis between conventional regeneration and oxygen enrichment regeneration. After adopting the oxygen enrichment regeneration technology, coke-burning was improved efficiently, and the equilibrium catalyst activity was enhanced. When the spent catalyst mix ratio was 75%, the regeneration carbon would decrease from 0.12% to 0.03%, equilibrium catalyst activity was 0.5 unit higher than conventional regeneration. The product distribution was optimized and the economic benefit of the FCC unit was increased. By using the technology, the cock-burning load and processing capability of the FCC unit could be greatly increased without changing the main blower and the regenerator structure. When the spent catalyst mix ratio was 75% , the coke burning intensity was 130.06 kg/(t·h)，7.73 kg/(t·h) higher than conventional regeneration .

A method based on non-linear programming is proposed to optimize water network in batch chemical processes with a single contaminant. An intermediate tank is used to receive the discharge water from each process and provide water to operations in batch processes，which increased reuse of process discharge streams. By pre-ordering the operations with discharge time from earlier to later，and combining with other heuristic rules，a superstructure of water network was constructed and simplified. The corresponding mathematic model involved a set of nonlinear equations is solved by the GAMS (general algebra model system) software tool. This method could achieve minimal fresh water use and optimal network assignments simultaneously. The results of a case study show that the method was effective.

The R&D and design of application of multivariable predictive control technique to the polypropylene unit of Changling Branch Company, SINOPEC are presented. The operation and performance of multivariable predictive controller have shown that the resistance to disturbance is improved, the production smoothness is improved and operation load and energy consumption are decreased. The economic benefits of the unit are increased.

By using the pinch analysis method in the heat exchanger design of heat integrated complex distillation system synthesis，a mixed-integrated nonlinear programming (MINLP) model with the continuous variables of the recoveries of key components in the pre-fractionators and reflux ratios and the discrete variables of separation sequence and thermal-coupling scheme was established. The solution of the problem could be achieved with an improved simulated annealing algorithm. Three example problems of five-component mixtures separation were solved and the optimized parameters and economic benefits of different optimal schemes were analyzed and compared. The results demonstrated that the system annual total cost could be reduced by using the heat integrated complex distillation configuration. The solutions of example problems also demonstrated that the proposed method was efficient for the heat integrated complex distillation synthesis problem.

The paper introduces coal tar processing and new technology of coal tar separation both at home and abroad and the shortcomings of domestic technology. PRO/Ⅱ was used to simulate two-column continuous distillation and was found to be a good tool to improve the technology. Comparing the result with actual operation, the simulated technology could greatly improve the effect of separation and increase the yield of naphthalene.

Since mass exchange network (MEN) was put forward in 1989，the researches and applications have been developing very fast. This review is trying to summarize the progresses in this field. The principle and basic theory of MEN are introduced. Water pinch，hydrogen pinch and property pinch are emphasized in the review

Based on minimization of Gibbs free energy，a genetic algorithm (GA) was developed for the calculation of phase equilibria and stability in multiphase reaction systems. The total optimization problem was decomposed into two sub-problems，i.e. the minimization of Gibbs free energy for any postulated phases was first solved and then the phase stability analysis for each postulated phases was performed based on the tangent plane distance criterion. By adding sequentially new phases into the system and solving the two sub-problems with the genetic algorithm，the final phase distribution and equilibrium compositions would be obtained. Two complex examples were solved. One was the synthesis of methanol in a high pressure system and the other was the esterification reaction. The results obtained showed that the suggested approach was effective for the addressed problem.