There have been a lot of published papers and patents since chloroaluminate ionic liquid was found to be a new kind of alkylation catalyst with high reactivity and easy seperation from reactants. However，There still are many difficulties and challenges to be overcome before commerical application of the ionic liquid catalyst. Based on the published data and several results of pilot alkylation，including the authors’ experience，the prospect of chloroaluminate ionic liquids used as alkylation catalyst in the petrochemical and detergent industries was discussed.

The research progress of Al2O3 in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation is reviewed. The degradation of organic compounds by catalytic ozonation and ozone alone is compared，and the important factors of successful catalytic ozonation，in terms of four key aspects，organic compounds adsorption on catalysts，pH value in liquid phase，inorganic ions and ozone decomposition are discussed. Furthermore，the existing problems in the present research are also put forward and the prospects of Al2O3 in water treatment are presented.

Fatty acid esters derived from vegetable oil and animal fat have assumed importance as a raw material for chemical industry and a potential diesel fuel extender known as biodiesel. Transesterification is one of the most important methods of esters preparation from oil and fat. The latest advances in the preparation of fatty ester via homogeneous and heterogeneous basic catalysts，which include alkaline–earth metals，layered double hydroxide and molecular sieves，are reviewed. For the high acid value oil，“two steps transesterification” and solid acid catalyst are discussed. The relationship between structure and catalysis of sulfonic fused ring compounds and meso-pore materials are analyzed. Many scientists are interested in lipase catalysts for their moderate reactive conditions and low contamination. Reducing the effects of short chain alcohol on the catalytic activity and increasing the conversion rate are the more important aspects. In the supercritical conditions，methanol and oil can react quickly and water is not harmful to the transesterification. In this work，the advantages and disadvantages of four methods are analyzed，and the research and development are discussed.

Preparative methods of sol-gel，hydrolysis precipitation，hydrothermal synthesis for photocatalysts of TiO2-SiO2 composite oxide at home and abroad are introduced in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of these three methods are also presented. The influence factors of adding silicon for enhancing photocatalytic activity is discussed. The results show that adding silicon can increase the catalysts’ specific area，raise the temperature of phase transition，and enhance surface acidity. It can also form Ti-O-Si band，which can reduce particle size and widen band gap. Finally，the future development in this field is presented.

Hydrodechlorination(HDC) of CCl4 to CHCl3 is an economically and environmentally attractive alternative for CCl4 disposal. This review deals with the recent progress of catalytic hydrodechlorination of carbon tetrachloride，including active components，deactivation and pretreatment of catalysts and reaction mechanism. The influence of reaction temperature，pressure and H2/CCl4 molar ratio on the distribution of products of hydrodechlorination reaction of CCl4 is discussed. The future trend in the development of hydrodechlorination of carbon tetrachloride is presented.

Solid acid catalysts，including zeolites，heteropoly acid compounds，metal oxides，and solid super acid are usually used. The catalytic principle of solid acid catalyst in the catalytic nitrification was analyzed and the research progress was reviewed.

L-N-carbamoylase is one of the key biocatalysts in the enzymatic preparation of natural and non-natural amino acids with important potential and value in industry. The application of L-N-carbamoylase is limited due to the low thermal stability and activity. It is necessary to look for L-N-carbamoylase as a biocatalyst with high activity，high thermal stability and broad substrate specificity. In the paper，the application research，cloning and expression of L-N-carbamoylase，are reviewed.

Several purification methods of abietic acid are analyzed. The purification methods of dehydroabietic acid are summarized. The research progresses and development trends of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid bioactive derivatives are reviewed and forecasted respectively.

α-hydroxyacetic acid is one of the most important bulk fine chemicals，extensively used in adhesives，metal cleaning，biodegradable polymers，dyeing，textiles，and as a component in personal care products. The advantages of α-hydroxyacetic acid biosynthesis over traditional chemical conversion are wide range of reaction condition，high conversion ratio and green process. The review highlights the technical developments in the identification，quantification and separation of α-hydroxyacetic acid，especially solvent extraction and synergistic extraction. Finally，the developmental prospect of α-hydroxyacetic acid is presented.

The excellent characteristics of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) have made it the subject of much research in recent years. The principal component influencing the performance of the DMFC is proton exchange membrane. In this paper，recent research progress of the membrane is reviewed，including the development of natural macromolecules used as proton exchange membranes. The advantages，disadvantages and promising applications of this kind of material in the DMFC are also discussed.

：The purpose and significance of developing organic - inorganic hybrid proton exchange membranes used for direct methanol fuel cells are introduced in this paper. The categories of hybrid membranes，preparation methods，structures and properties as well as proton conducting mechanisms are reviewed and the research trends of the hybrid membranes are also predicted.

Solar thermal system is one of the most widely used technologies of renewable energy presently. In order to further improve the system design and to increase its performance，a deep understanding of the complicated fluid flow and heat transfer in the system components is necessary. The most promising solution to this challenge is the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with particle image velocimetry (PIV)，which will be the future trend in the investigation of solar thermal systems. The aim of this work is to give an overview of the status of the CFD-PIV application in solar thermal systems.

The research status of desufurizers at a low temperature is reviewed. The desulfurization mechanism，kinetic models and regeneration methods for the single desulfurizer of activated carbon，ferric oxide and zinc oxide used at a lower temperature are summarized. The factors that affect the removal of hydrogen sulfide，including structure of desulfurizer，composition of feed gas and process conditions are discussed. The progress in the research of complex desulfurizers and commerical application are also summarized. The research prospect of desulfurizers at a low temperature is presented.

The phosphorus removal from wastewater can be achieved by chemical and biological methods. Recently，more attentions have been paid to the phosphorous removal with struvite formation due to its simultaneous formation of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate，MAP)，a fertilizer. In this paper the technique，influence factors and economic practicability with the struvite method for phosphorus removal from wastewater are reviewed and the prospect and the research key points are proposed.

The new development and current of supercritical fluids in non-catalytic reaction， which include supercritical water, methanol, carbon dioxide, is summarized and analyzed from a new point of view according to the characteristic of supercritical fluids—solvent and catalyst. Meanwhile, they are compared with traditional catalytic reaction. The prospect and research progress are presented.

The enhancement of sludge dewatering by ultrasound and composite flocculants and its mechanism were studied. The results showed that for the sludge treated with composite flocculants PAM-PAFC (1∶1) firstly，then treaded with ultrasound at 20kHz，400W/m2 for 2.5 min，the sludge volume could be reduced by 86%，sludge water content was decreased to 79% and sludge water content (dry basis) was 7% lower than that without ultrasound treatment. It was observed by SEM that lower power ultrasound could accelerate the collision of sludge particles，hence the flocculation of the sludge was enhanced. When PAFC was added，the floccules was continuous and with holes; after adding PAM，the specific area of the sludge was much larger and the floccules had a rough mesh structure. Ultrasound could intensify conglomeration of the sludge，and the holes in sludge became larger. Sludge dewatering with ultrasound treatment was better than using PAFC-PAM alone.

In this paper, a novel rotating packed bed used in the ozone oxidative treatment of dye wastewater was investigated. Ozone oxidation experiments were conducted to examine the effects of various operation variables, including high gravity factors β, initial pH of dye wastewater and gas to liquid ratio on the decolorization efficiency. Experimental results indicated that the decolorization efficiency increased with increasing high gravity factors and ratio of gas to liquid ratio. However, the effect was not obvious at a high gravity factor higher than 100. The decolorization efficiency increased with increasing pH value initially, and then gently decreased. The optimal initial pH value was 10～11. Compared with conventional O3 contactors, a rotating packed bed could be used to increase the efficiency of the ozone oxidative treatment of dye wastewater, due to its high mass transfer characteristics.

A polyurea-chlorocyclophosphazene microcapsule flame retardant was prepared by interfacial polymerization with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and hexanediamine as the raw materials. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of chlorocyclophosphazene microcapsule steeply rose up as compared with chlorocyclophosphazene. Chlorocyclophosphazene microcapsule had better flame retardancy and smoke suppression than chlorocyclophosphazene when used with polypropylene(PP). Mechanical properties of chlorocyclophosphazene microencapsule/PP composites were superior to those of chlorocyclophosphazene/PP.

The surface of nano–SiO2 was modified by coupling agent KH-570 in EtOH，and then the polystyrene was grafted to its surface. The nano-SiO2/PS composite was prepared by the melt-blending process. The surface and profiles structures of nano-SiO2/PS composite was scanned with SEM and the effect of nano-SiO2 content on the mechanical properties of nano-SiO2/PS composite was studied. The results showed that compared with pure polystyrene，the notched impact strength and tensile strength of the composite increased by 7.6% and 0.98% respectively.

PAN-based high-modulus carbon fibers were continuously treated by anodic oxidation. The influence of anodic oxidation on macroscopic mechanical properties, surface morphology, surface acidic functional groups, interlaminar shear strength of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) was studied. In conclusion, macroscopic mechanical properties and surface morphology of CF were not influenced by anodic current density. After oxidation, the maximum amount of total surface acidic functional groups increased to 13 times that of untreated CF. Appropriate oxidative conditions could increase interlaminar shear strength from 28.4MPa to 80MPa.

Spinel LiMn2O4 cathode material doped with Cr3+ and F－ was prepared by solid-state reaction，and the material was modified by coating Al2O3 on its surface. The morphology and structure were characterized with scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction，and the electrochemical properties were studied with charging-discharging test and A.C impedance test. The results showed that both materials doped with Cr3+ and F- and coated with Al2O3 had a spinel structure. With increasing level of doping and coating，their initial discharging capacity reduced，but their cycling performance was greatly improved. The 1st discharging capacities of LiMn2O4，LiMn1.9Cr0.1O3.9F0.1 and LiMn1.9Cr0.1O3.9F0.1/coated 0.3%Al2O3 were 125.3，117.5 and 113.7mA·h·g－1 respectively，after 25 cycles，their capacity retentions were 82.7%，91.5% and 93.6% respectively. When cycling at 55℃，the electrochemical properties of the material coated with Al2O3 was the best，its discharging capacity and capacity retention after 25 cycles were 104.2 mA·h·g－1 and 92.1% respectively.

Bacillus subtilus WSH-062 could produce extracellular poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-degrading enzyme (PVAase) in the flask culture. Optimization of culture conditions was carried out through mono-factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the enzyme produced by this strain was an induced enzyme. The mixed nitrogen sources (the ratio of NaNO3 to yeast extract was 1:1) with concentration of 2 g/L were favorable for cell growth and enzyme synthesis. The results of orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were: PVA 30 g/L，yeast extract 8.2 g/L，NaNO3 10.1 g/L，MgSO4·7H2O 0.35 g/L and KH2PO4 3 g/L at pH 7.2. Under this condition，the maximal PVAase activity was about 5.0 U/mL，which was increased by 4.75-fold compared with the value before optimization.

The penetration coefficient of Na+ in copolymer hydrogel membrane of γ- (methacryloyl - oxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH 570)，hydroxyethylmethacrylate（HEMA） and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) was measured, and the factors influencing the penetration coefficient of Na+ were investigated as well. The results showed that the diffusion process of Na+ in the hydrogel was stable diffusion, and the penetration coefficient increased remarkably when the temperature increased, while the increase in penetration coefficient dropped when the temperature was over 60℃. The penetration coefficient increased as the content of KH 570 or NVP increased, while the penetration coefficient decreased as the content of KH 570 was over 15wt%. The reason was Na+ being captured by the microholes of the hydrogel.

The main parameter of corrosion factor (Kp) that resulted in the corrosion of air coolers，was examined by preparing a simulated corrosive solution，and investgating experimentally the inhibition efficiency of organic corrosion inhibitor of benzotriazole (BTA) and its derivatives with the corrosion rate testing equipment of resistance probe. The results showed that there existed good synergistic effect between corrosion inhibitor of BTA and its derivatives，which reduced effectively the corrosion rate of metal surface.

The experiment condition recommended by the analysis standard of a big caliber capillary column for analyzing hydrocarbon impurities was optimized with respect to column temperature control, and the analysis accuracy could meet the standard under normal operation condition. The chromatographic run time was reduced from 40 minutes to 20 minutes. The chromatographic result of complete separation of each component of hydrocarbon impurities in high purity propylene was achieved, and the analysis could be completed in one test. The number of chromatographic instruments was reduced from three to one, and the analysis cost was reduced.

Cation-exchange resins were used as catalysts in the hydrolysis of a mixture of methyl acetate and methanol by catalytic distillation. Catalyst-bundles of ion exchange resin were packed in a column as a reaction zone. The influences of operation parameters on the conversion of methyl acetate, such as height of the reaction and stripping zones, feed location, the amount of methanol in the feed, mole ratio of feed water to MeOAc, volume ratio of reflux to feed MeOAc, the ratio of the feed volume flow rate of MeOAc to the volume of catalyst bed, were investigated,. and the optimal operation parameters were determined. The conventional hydrolysis separation technology was analyzed and a new process was proposed. The decrease in heat requirement was estimated to be about 39.99% of the conventional process under the optimal operating condition.

Scale and corrosion inhibition and dispersion performance of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) was established by static test，Zeta potential and polarized curves determination in laboratory. This agent was used in a steel company to stabilize circulating cooling water of blast furnace with satisfactory result.

One kind of new type energy-saving technique was presented. Rare earths active compounds treated by NMR could be used as diesel fuel additive to achieve fuel saving，wear reduction and emissions reduction. The performance was evaluated by experiments，and the mechanism was discussed

Process system engineering (PSE) approach and tools are widely applied in Sinopec technical innovation activities. Industrial application incentives, PSE implementation steps and typical industrial results are demonstrated with several examples, where various PSE tools are applied for novel technology development, new catalyst design and new product innovations. Mathematical programming and other PSE approaches are introduced to keep close contact with technical innovations and industrial practices, with emphasis on PSE researches to optimize crude oil processing scheme and promote new instruments developments. New trends and directions of PSE applications are put forward.