Abstract:

During the extraction process of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore, the concentration of H⁺ is one of the critical factors influencing the leaching rate. To investigate the influencing factors of H⁺ concentration in the leaching solution of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore, this article conducted column leaching experiments. We tested the solutions and ore soil for H⁺ mass before and after leaching and analyzed the impact of H⁺ concentration in the solution and on the ore soil on the H⁺ concentration in the leaching solution. The cation concentration and H⁺ concentration in the leaching solution was also tested and the changing patterns of cation concentration and H⁺ concentration was analyzed. Using the orthogonal experimental range method and variance method, the influence degree of acidic cations on the H⁺ concentration in the leaching solution was analyzed. Through hydrolysis theory, the H⁺ concentration produced by acidic cation hydrolysis was calculated, and the extent of the impact of acidic cations on the H⁺ concentration in the leaching solution was verified. Results showed that, after leaching, the mass of H⁺ in the solution increases by 10^-3.30g and the mass of H⁺ on the ore soil increases by 10^-3.40g, compared to those before leaching, which indicated that the H⁺ in the leaching solution did not originate from the desorption of H⁺ on the ore soil. From the range method and variance analysis, the main factor affecting the H⁺ concentration in the leaching solution was the hydrolysis of Al³⁺ (R=6.225, F=519.07), followed by the hydrolysis of NH₄⁺ (R=1.093, F=16.45) and Re³⁺ (R=1.020, F=14.14). The H⁺ in the leaching solution was produced by the hydrolysis of acidic cations on the ore soil, with Al³⁺ hydrolysis being the predominant factor. When the concentrations of Al³⁺, NH₄⁺ and Re³⁺ in the leaching solution were at their highest, the ratio of H⁺ concentrations produced by hydrolysis was 932∶20∶1, confirming that the main factor affecting the H⁺ concentration in the rare earth leaching solution was the hydrolysis of Al³⁺.

Key words: ionic rare earth, range analysis, analysis of variance, hydrolysis reaction, pH

摘要：

离子型稀土矿开采过程中H⁺浓度是影响浸出率的重要因素之一。为研究离子型稀土矿浸出液H⁺浓度的影响因素，本文通过柱浸实验，测试浸矿前和浸矿后溶液、矿土H⁺质量，分析溶液中H⁺浓度和矿土上H⁺浓度对浸出液H⁺浓度的影响。通过测试浸出液阳离子与H⁺浓度，分析浸出液阳离子和H⁺浓度的变化规律；使用正交实验极差法和方差法，分析酸性阳离子对浸出液H⁺浓度的影响程度；通过水解理论计算酸性阳离子水解产生H⁺浓度，验证酸性阳离子对浸出液H⁺浓度的影响程度。结果表明，浸矿后比浸矿前溶液中H⁺质量增加了10^-3.30g，矿土上H⁺质量增加了10^-3.40g，说明浸出液中H⁺不是矿土上H⁺解吸产生的；由极差法和方差法分析，影响浸出液H⁺浓度的主要因素是Al³⁺（R=6.225、F=519.07）水解，其次是NH₄⁺（R=1.093、F=16.45）水解、Re³⁺（R=1.020、F=14.14）水解，浸出液中H⁺是由矿土上的酸性阳离子水解产生的，Al³⁺水解占主要因素；浸出液中Al³⁺、NH₄⁺、Re³⁺三者浓度最高时水解产生H⁺浓度之比为932∶20∶1，验证得出影响稀土浸出液H⁺的主要因素是Al³⁺水解。

关键词: 离子型稀土, 极差分析, 方差分析, 水解反应, 酸碱度