Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCMs) refer to materials that change the physical properties of substances with temperature changes and can provide latent heat, which has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of solar thermal storage, electronic equipment, power battery thermal management and building temperature control, etc., and has been listed as a national R&D utilization sequence in China. However, problems such as leakage, low thermal conductivity and weak light absorption hinder the wider application and development of phase change materials. To overcome these inherent problems and improve their thermophysical properties, carbon-based materials used as encapsulation carrier to construct stable shape composite phase change materials can effectively prevent solid-liquid phase change leakage and improve the latent heat properties. In this paper, the main research progress of porous carbon supporting materials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, activated carbon, biochar, etc.) as PCMs encapsulation carriers was reviewed. The effects of different porous carbon materials as encapsulation carriers on the physical properties of PCM composites such as thermal conductivity, latent heat, phase transition temperature, subcooling, shape stability and thermal cycle stability were introduced. The research trends and applications of different porous carbon-based composite phase change materials in latent thermal properties were introduced. Finally, the future research and challenges of porous carbon-based materials were summarized and prospected.

Key words: carbon-based, carrier, phase change, composites, thermal properties

摘要：

相变材料（PCMs）是指随温度变化而改变物质的物理性质并能提供潜热的材料，在太阳能热储存、电子设备、动力电池热管理、建筑温度控制等领域具有广泛的应用前景，在我国已经被列为国家级研发利用序列。然而，相变材料容易出现渗漏、热导率低、光吸收弱等问题，阻碍了其更广泛的应用和发展。为了克服这些固有问题，提高热物理性能，将碳基材料作为封装载体构建形状稳定的定型复合相变材料可以有效防止固-液相变渗漏，提高潜热性能。本文综述了碳纳米管、石墨烯、活性炭、生物炭等多孔碳支撑材料作为相变材料封装载体的主要研究进展，介绍了不同多孔碳材料作为封装载体对相变复合材料的热导率、潜热、相变温度、过冷度、形状稳定性和热循环稳定性等物理性能的影响，总结了不同多孔碳基复合相变材料在潜热性能方面的研究动态和各行业中的应用。最后，对多孔碳基材料在未来发展中的研究和面临的挑战进行了总结和展望。

关键词: 碳基, 载体, 相变, 复合材料, 热性能