Abstract:

Natural gas has the advantages of clean and low-carbon, high calorific value, high efficiency and flexibility, which is of great significance for promoting the transformation of Chinese new energy structure. LNG receiving stations play vital role in natural gas storage and metering for export. As the key equipment of LNG receiving station, the vaporizer has received extensive attentions in recent years. Scholars have carried out relevant research on the structure and heat transfer performance of vaporizer through experiments and simulations and achieve many valuable results. However, new measures to intensify heat transfer still need to be proposed. In this paper, the operation mode and heat transfer mechanism of common vaporizer used in LNG gasification process are introduced, and the applicable conditions for each type of vaporizer are analyzed. The physical mechanism of the internal flow and heat transfer process of the SuperORV is emphatically introduced, and the influence of various operating parameters, structure designing and icing condition on the gasification performance is summarized. Then the measures and research directions to intensify heat transfer are put forward to provide some reference for the structure and process optimization of vaporizer.

Key words: natural gas, vaporizer, gasification, heat transfer intensification, icing phenomenon

摘要：

天然气具有清洁低碳、热值高、高效灵活等优点，对促进中国新型能源结构转型具有重要意义。LNG接收站承担着天然气的储存与计量外输任务，其中气化器作为LNG接收站的关键设备近年来受到广泛关注，目前国内外学者通过实验和模拟的方式围绕气化器的结构与换热性能开展了相关研究并取得了一定成果，但是关于强化换热的措施有待创新和突破。本文综述了LNG接收站中常用气化器的运作方式及换热机理，分析了各气化器的适用条件，重点介绍了海水超级开架式气化器内部流动及传热过程的物理机制，总结出了各运行参数、设计结构及结冰状况对气化性能的影响，提出了强化传热的措施和研究方向，为气化器的结构与过程优化提供了一定参考建议。

关键词: 天然气, 气化器, 气化, 强化传热, 结冰状况