Process stability verification of the two-stage fluidized bed gasification for pine particles to produce clean gas

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2028

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to verify the long-term operation stability of the two-stage fluidized bed gasification process, commercial fruit charcoal semi-coke is used as the catalytic bed material for the preparation of clean gas by pine fluidized two-stage gasification in this experiment. In the early stage of the experiment, a stable and effective catalytic semi-coke bed layer is formed to reduce the accumulation period of semi-coke, so as to quickly reach high-efficiency tar removal in the system. The excess air coefficient (ER) is maintained at 0.35, the gas velocity in the riser is 3m/s, and the oxygen concentration in the fluidization medium is gradually adjusted to gradually increase the biomass processing capacity. The results show that as the feed rate of pine particles increases from 1kg/h to 3kg/h, the volume percentages of CO and H₂ in the product gas increase from 7.71% and 3.13% to 16.15% and 12.60%, respectively, while the volume percentage of CH₄ slightly decreases. The gas yield also increases from 0.90m³/kg to 1.36m³/kg, and the corresponding calorific value of the product gas increases from 3.26MJ/m³ to 4.80MJ/m³. Through multiple manual start-stop and change of operating parameters, during the entire 12h operating cycle, the semi-coke produced by the fluidized two-stage gasification matches the speed of semi-coke consumption, and the temperature and pressure show good operating stability. This result proves that the two-stage fluidized bed gasification process has technological advancement and long-term operation stability in the production of gas from biomass.

Key words: fluidized, two-stage gasification, circulating fluidized bed, low-tar syngas, biomass, reaction decoupling

摘要：

为了验证流态化两段气化工艺的长时间运行稳定性，本实验采用商用果木炭半焦作为松木流态化两段气化制备清洁燃气的催化床料。实验前期通过形成稳定的有效催化半焦床层，减少半焦在系统内的积累周期，以实现系统快速达到高效脱除焦油的目的。实验中，保持过量空气系数（ER）为0.35，提升管气速为3m/s，并逐渐调整流化介质中的氧气浓度，逐步增大生物质处理量。结果显示，随着松木颗粒的进料量从1kg/h增大到3kg/h，产品气中CO和H₂体积分数分别从7.71%和3.13%增长至16.15%和12.60%，CH₄的体积分数略微下降。气体收率（标准）也从0.90m³/kg增长至1.36m³/kg，相应的产品气热值（标准）从3.26MJ/m³增加至4.80MJ/m³。通过多次人为启停和改变运行参数等操作，在整个12h运行周期内，流态化两段气化产生的半焦与消耗的半焦速度相匹配，温度和压力表现出良好的运行稳定性。这一结果证明了流态化两段气化工艺在生物质制气中具有技术先进性和长时间运行稳定性。

关键词: 流态化, 两段气化, 循环流化床, 低焦油合成气, 生物质, 反应解耦

CLC Number:

TQ546.2

WANG Xinyu, WANG Chao, ZHANG Mengjuan, LIU Fangzheng, LI Hanyang, WANG Zhenglin, JIA Xin, SONG Xingfei, XU Guangwen, HAN Zhennan. Process stability verification of the two-stage fluidized bed gasification for pine particles to produce clean gas[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(5): 2576-2586.

王欣宇, 王超, 张梦娟, 刘方正, 李晗旸, 王正林, 贾鑫, 宋兴飞, 许光文, 韩振南. 松木颗粒流态化两段气化制备清洁燃气的工艺稳定性验证[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2576-2586.

Figures/Tables 13

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样本	元素分析^②/%（质量分数）					低品位热值/MJ·kg^-1	工业分析^②/%（质量分数）
样本	C	H	O^①	N	S	低品位热值/MJ·kg^-1	挥发分	灰分	水分	固定碳^①
松木屑	50.31	5.86	42.86	0.18	0	19.84	84.19	0.79	7.67	7.35
外加半焦	75.96	3.72	11.33	0.54	0	32.15	32.42	8.45	2.33	56.80

样本	元素分析^②/%（质量分数）					低品位热值/MJ·kg^-1	工业分析^②/%（质量分数）
样本	C	H	O^①	N	S	低品位热值/MJ·kg^-1	挥发分	灰分	水分	固定碳^①
松木屑	50.31	5.86	42.86	0.18	0	19.84	84.19	0.79	7.67	7.35
外加半焦	75.96	3.72	11.33	0.54	0	32.15	32.42	8.45	2.33	56.80

条件参数		实验 1	实验 2	实验 3
热载体	Al₂O₃	添加热载体质量/kg	6
ER	0.35	电炉（T0）温度/℃	950
外加半焦	商用果木炭	添加商用果木炭质量/kg	1.6
从物料平衡得到的理论提升管反应器气速/m·s^-1	3
生物质进料速率/kg·h^-1		1	2	3
O₂体积分数/%		8.9	17.8	26.6
N₂体积分数/%		91.1	82.2	73.4
气化器（T3）温度/℃		826.7	831.1	851.8
热解器（T1）温度/℃		649.3	688.1	690.3
气体收率（标准）/m³·kg^-1		0.90	0.94	1.36
产生气体低品位热值（标准）/MJ·m^-3		3.26	3.86	4.80
实际提升管气速/m·s^-1		2.77	3.34	4.62
平均焦油含量（标准）/g·m^-3		0.37

条件参数		实验 1	实验 2	实验 3
热载体	Al₂O₃	添加热载体质量/kg	6
ER	0.35	电炉（T0）温度/℃	950
外加半焦	商用果木炭	添加商用果木炭质量/kg	1.6
从物料平衡得到的理论提升管反应器气速/m·s^-1	3
生物质进料速率/kg·h^-1		1	2	3
O₂体积分数/%		8.9	17.8	26.6
N₂体积分数/%		91.1	82.2	73.4
气化器（T3）温度/℃		826.7	831.1	851.8
热解器（T1）温度/℃		649.3	688.1	690.3
气体收率（标准）/m³·kg^-1		0.90	0.94	1.36
产生气体低品位热值（标准）/MJ·m^-3		3.26	3.86	4.80
实际提升管气速/m·s^-1		2.77	3.34	4.62
平均焦油含量（标准）/g·m^-3		0.37

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