Research progress of biomass fuels technology driven by carbon neutrality

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1217

Abstract

Abstract:

Driven by the carbon neutrality goal, refining enterprises must find a new way to develop new low-carbon and zero-carbon refining technologies. The performance of bio-based fuels is similar to that of petroleum-based fuels, but its carbon emissions have been significantly reduced throughout its life cycle. Biomass fuels technology is becoming one of the important means for refineries to achieve low-carbon and zero-carbon development. Based on this, the research progress and development trend of the technologies related to the production of hydrocarbon fuels from biomass (b-Fuels) are reviewed, including the transesterification technology without glycerol generation and the transesterification technology controlling the selectivity of the products, the technologies of biomass pyrolysis, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking, and co-refining technologies of biomass and petroleum fractions. The technological development path of carbon neutrality for future refining and chemical enterprises is also discussed, with a view to the refinery transformation and development.

Key words: carbon neutrality, biomass, synthetic fuels, transesterification, hydrocracking, co-refining, CO₂ utilization

摘要：

在碳中和目标的驱动下，炼化企业必须寻找新的路径，大力开发低碳、零碳的炼化新技术。生物基燃料性能与石油基燃料相近，但其全生命周期碳排放大幅降低，以生物质为原料生产替代燃料的技术，正成为炼油厂实现低碳、零碳发展的重要手段之一。本文综述了由生物质原料制碳氢类燃料（b-Fuels）相关技术的研究进展和发展趋势，主要包括无甘油生成的酯交换技术，控制产物选择性的酯交换技术，生物质油热裂解、催化裂解、加氢裂化技术，以及生物质与石油馏分共炼技术等，同时对未来炼化企业实现碳中和的技术发展路径进行了探讨，以期为炼厂转型发展提供思路借鉴。

关键词: 碳中和, 生物质, 合成燃料, 酯交换, 加氢裂化, 共炼, CO₂利用

CLC Number:

HAN Wei, HAN Hengwen, CHENG Wei, TANG Weijian. Research progress of biomass fuels technology driven by carbon neutrality[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(5): 2463-2474.

韩伟, 韩恒文, 程薇, 汤玮健. 碳中和目标驱动下生物质燃料技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2463-2474.

Figures/Tables 7

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项目	EN14214生物柴油	生物质燃料油
项目	EN14214生物柴油	格列哌醇类	DMC制生物燃料油	生态柴油
反应物	甲醇/乙醇	乙酸甲酯/乙酸乙酯	碳酸二甲酯/二乙酯	甲醇/乙醇
催化剂	NaOH、KOH	酸、碱、酶	碱或酶	酶
产物	FAME/FAEE	甘油三乙酯、FAME/FAEE	脂肪酸甘油碳酸酯	脂肪酸甘油单酯、FAME/FAEE
副产物	甘油	无	无	无
分离清洗过程	非常复杂	无须	无须	无须
设备投资	中等	低	低	低
原料油中游离脂肪酸	转化为皂	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels
催化剂花费	低	低	低	低
环境影响	高（碱、盐污水处理）	低	低	低

项目	EN14214生物柴油	生物质燃料油
项目	EN14214生物柴油	格列哌醇类	DMC制生物燃料油	生态柴油
反应物	甲醇/乙醇	乙酸甲酯/乙酸乙酯	碳酸二甲酯/二乙酯	甲醇/乙醇
催化剂	NaOH、KOH	酸、碱、酶	碱或酶	酶
产物	FAME/FAEE	甘油三乙酯、FAME/FAEE	脂肪酸甘油碳酸酯	脂肪酸甘油单酯、FAME/FAEE
副产物	甘油	无	无	无
分离清洗过程	非常复杂	无须	无须	无须
设备投资	中等	低	低	低
原料油中游离脂肪酸	转化为皂	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels
催化剂花费	低	低	低	低
环境影响	高（碱、盐污水处理）	低	低	低

原料	质量比	催化剂	温度/℃	压力/MPa	空速/h^-1
SGRO/废食用油^[74]	80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	350	5.5	2.0
AGO/废煎炸油^[75]	80/20、50/50	NiMo/Al₂O₃	330~370	5.6	1.0
SGRO/麻风树油^[76]	90/10、80/20	CoMo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	300	5.0	—
柴油/废食用油^[77]	75/25	NiW/SiO₂-Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	340~380	5.0	2.0~4.0
HVGO/菜籽油^[78]	90/10、80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	360~395	8.0~10.0	1.0~2.5
SGRO/RSO^[79]	70/30	Mo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃-SAPO-11	350~380	4.0~7.0	1.0~1.5

原料	质量比	催化剂	温度/℃	压力/MPa	空速/h^-1
SGRO/废食用油^[74]	80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	350	5.5	2.0
AGO/废煎炸油^[75]	80/20、50/50	NiMo/Al₂O₃	330~370	5.6	1.0
SGRO/麻风树油^[76]	90/10、80/20	CoMo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	300	5.0	—
柴油/废食用油^[77]	75/25	NiW/SiO₂-Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	340~380	5.0	2.0~4.0
HVGO/菜籽油^[78]	90/10、80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	360~395	8.0~10.0	1.0~2.5
SGRO/RSO^[79]	70/30	Mo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃-SAPO-11	350~380	4.0~7.0	1.0~1.5

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