Abstract:

Due to the increasing demand for oil resources and the growing challenges associated with extraction, the field of enhanced recovery technology requires continuous innovation. Nanomaterials represent a promising type of material with unique properties resulting from their nano-scale dimensions and distinct grain boundary structure. These properties afford nanomaterials significant potential for use in enhanced oil recovery applications. This paper provided a systematic review of the mechanisms by which nanomaterials improved chemical recovery, including the reduction of surface/interfacial tension to increase the number of capillaries, contribution to structural separation forces for oil stripping from rock surfaces at a microscopic level and enhancement of wettability to improve water seepage and absorption. Improving the stability of emulsions and foams would in turn enhance the stability of the system. Increasing the ratio of flow rate would improve volumetric wave efficiency. Asphalt deposition could be inhibited with catalytic asphalt decomposition, which prevented pore clogging and reduced formation damage. Particle transportation could also be inhibited, which reduced formation damage. Cases of nanomaterials were cited as means to enhance oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs, thick oil reservoirs and reservoirs with high water content. And challenges in the large-scale use of such materials in oilfields were identified.

Key words: nanomaterials, oil, interfacial tension, oil displacement mechanism, enhanced oil recovery

摘要：

随着对石油资源需求不断上升和开采难度不断增加，提高采收率的技术需要不断创新，纳米材料作为一种新型材料，由于具有纳米尺寸和独特晶界结构，导致其具有独特的性质，在提高采收率方面具有很大的潜力。本文系统综述了纳米材料在提高采收率方面的作用机理，包括降低表/界面张力，增加毛细管数；结构分离压力作用，微观展示石油从岩石上剥离；改变润湿性，加强水渗吸作用；增强乳液和泡沫稳定性从而增强体系稳定性；改善流度比增加体积波及效率；抑制沥青沉积，催化沥青分解，防止孔隙堵塞和减少地层伤害；抑制颗粒运移、减少地层伤害等。列举了纳米材料在低渗透油藏、稠油油藏和高含水油藏等条件下提高采收率的矿场案例，指出了纳米材料的油田规模化应用所面临的挑战。

关键词: 纳米材料, 石油, 界面张力, 驱油机理, 提高采收率