Abstract:

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of newly developed porous crystal materials with periodic order composed of light elements via strong covalent bonds. It has broad application prospect as a promising material for the elimination of various organic pollutants due to their large specific surface area, adjustable pores, abundant active functional groups, high thermal stability and recyclability. Hence, this review highlighted the recent progress and advances of the adsorption and removal of organic pollutants such as drugs, pesticides, dyes and industrial by-product by five different types of COFs (nitrogen bond, ionic type, grafting functional group, chiral and complex functionalization). Firstly, the effective path of COFs to capture pollutants was revealed from the perspectives of COFs topological structure and pore wall chemical environment, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed. Then, the specific synthetic paths and adsorption effects of different types of COFs were analyzed, and the corresponding performance parameters were briefly summarized. Finally, some suggestions were provided for industrial mass production of COFs in the field of environmental remediation, and the challenges of “bottom-up” and “post-synthesis” strategies in regulating the efficient adsorption and specific selection of COFs were summarized. It was also pointed out that it was still a long way to obtain good performance COFs based on structure-activity combination thinking.

Key words: covalent organic frameworks, organic pollutants, adsorption, action mechanism

摘要：

共价有机框架（COFs）是一类由轻质元素通过共价键连接的具有周期有序的新兴多孔晶体材料，具有比表面积大、孔隙可调、热稳定性高、结构易修饰等特点，是环境修复领域中吸附去除有机污染物的理想材料。本文主要综述了近年来氮基键、离子型、接枝官能团、手性、复合功能化五种不同类型COFs材料吸附去除药物、农药、染料、工业副产物等有机污染物的研究进展。首先，从COFs拓扑结构和孔壁化学环境两个角度揭示了COFs材料捕获有机污染物有效路径，分类讨论了其吸附机理机制；接着，分析了五种不同类型COFs材料的具体合成路径及其吸附应用效果，并简要归纳了相应性能指标参数；最后，针对目前 COFs材料在环境修复领域中工业化大规模生产面临的实际问题提供了一些建议，总结了“自下而上”、“后合成”两种策略调控COFs高效吸附与特异性选择相匹配面临的挑战，并指出基于构效结合思维获得性能良好的COFs材料仍任重道远。

关键词: 共价有机框架材料, 有机污染物, 吸附, 作用机理