Abstract:

Marine fouling brings great difficulties and challenges to human exploration of the ocean. With the increasingly strict environmental requirements in the world, traditional high toxic antifouling coatings such as organic tin have been gradually eliminated. New low surface energy antifouling technology has become the development trend of marine antifouling technology in the future due to its environmental friendliness. This paper introduced the cause of marine fouling and the antifouling mechanism of low surface energy antifouling coatings, and summarized the current research progress of two common low surface energy antifouling coatings, organic silicon and organic fluorine. At present, the research of organosilicon antifouling coatings mainly focused on the modification of small molecular silicone oil and the modified coating matrix, and still faced the problem of balancing the antifouling properties and mechanical properties of coatings. The research of organic fluorine antifouling coating mainly focused on fluoroacrylate and perfluoropolyether, but the application effect was poor. The introduction of fluoropolymer such as fluoro group and perfluoropolyether into organic silicon based polymer had achieved good antifouling effect. The analysis showed that the low surface energy antifouling coating had broad prospects. The organosilicon antifouling coating was the key of future research, and the organofluorine antifouling coating needed to be further studied in combination with the organosilicon antifouling coating.

Key words: low surface energy, antifouling coatings, organic silicon, organic fluorine

摘要：

海洋污损为人类探索海洋带来了巨大的困难与挑战。随着世界环保要求日趋严格，传统有机锡等高毒防污涂料已逐渐被淘汰。新型低表面能防污技术以其具有的环境友好性成为未来海洋防污技术的发展趋势。本文介绍了海洋污损的形成原因和低表面能防污涂料的防污机理，综述了有机硅和有机氟两种常见的低表面能防污涂料目前的研究进展。有机硅防污涂料目前的研究以小分子硅油改性和改性涂料基体为主，仍然面临平衡涂料防污性能与力学性能的难题；有机氟防污涂料研究以含氟丙烯酸酯和全氟聚醚为主，但应用效果不佳，将含氟基团和全氟聚醚等氟聚合物引入有机硅基聚合物获得了不错的防污效果。分析表明：低表面能防污涂料具有广阔前景，有机硅防污涂料是未来研究的重点，有机氟防污涂料需要结合有机硅防污涂料开展进一步研究。

关键词: 低表面能, 防污涂料, 有机硅, 有机氟