Abstract:

The pseudo-capacitor material hydroxide/oxide has the advantage of high specific capacity and can be used in fields with high energy density and moderate power density. The preparation of hydroxide/oxide electrodes by electrodeposition method is simple. The element composition, morphology, size, and deposition amount can be regulated, which can effectively play the capacitor performance of materials, and is a very promising electrode preparation method. However, some methods, rules and influencing factors for preparing supercapacitor electrodes by electrodeposition still need to be summarized and clarified. The electrodeposition mechanism of hydroxide/oxide and the influence of deposition amount, micro-morphology, specific surface area, pore structure, electrochemical impedance and other factors on the performance of hydroxide/oxide were summarized. The general rules of cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition, constant potential electrodeposition, constant current electrodeposition methods and the relevant research results were summarized. The problems of preparing hydroxide/oxide by electrodeposition were analyzed, such as insufficient adhesion between the deposition layer and substrate, uneven deposition, and difficulty obtaining high performance and a large amount of deposition layer. The future research trends of electrode materials prepared by electrodeposition, such as multicomponent composites and the use of green additives and templates, were prospected.

Key words: supercapacitors, electrochemistry, electrodeposition, preparation, composites

摘要：

赝电容材料氢氧化物/氧化物具有高比容量的优势，可以应用在高能量密度、适中功率密度的领域。电沉积法制备氢氧化物/氧化物电极的工艺简单，元素组成、形貌、尺寸、沉积量可调控，可有效发挥材料电容性能，是很有前景的电极制备方法。但是，电沉积法制备超级电容器电极依然有一些方法、规律和影响因素没有总结厘清。本文总结了氢氧化物/氧化物电沉积机制和氢氧化物/氧化物的沉积量、微观形貌、比表面积和孔结构、电化学阻抗等因素对电极性能的影响规律和研究成果，归纳了循环伏安、恒电位、恒电流3种电沉积方法的一般规律和研究成果，分析了电沉积法制备氢氧化物/氧化物电极面临的沉积层与基底结合力不足、沉积不均匀、难以获得高性能大沉积量沉积层等问题，展望了多元复合、使用绿色添加剂和模板等未来电沉积制备电极材料的研究趋势。

关键词: 超级电容器, 电化学, 电沉积, 制备, 复合材料