Abstract:

Water splitting by alkaline electrolysis for hydrogen production has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its merits of low cost, environmental friendliness and available intermittent power from PV and wind farm. As the core components, ion-conducting membranes have crucial effects on the performance, durability and safety of the electrolyzers. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop ion-conducting membranes with good hydroxide ion conductivity, highly alkaline stability and low hydrogen permeability. This paper reviews the latest research progress in porous separation membranes, ion-solvation membranes and anion exchange membranes. Moreover, the research progress and technical problems of ion-conducting membranes used in alkaline water electrolysis were analyzed from the perspectives of hydroxide conductivity, alkali resistance stability and electrolysis performance. New ideas for the design and synthesis of next-generation high-performance membranes are also proposed.

Key words: hydrogen production, water electrolysis, separator, anion exchange membrane, alkali resistance

摘要：

碱性离子膜电解水制氢技术具有成本低、环境友好、可使用光伏、风电等波动性电源等优势, 近年来得到广泛关注。作为碱性电解水的核心组件，离子膜对电解槽性能、稳定性及制氢安全起着至关重要的作用。因此，开发具有良好氢氧根传导率、高度耐碱稳定性及优异阻气性的离子膜具有重要意义。本文围绕碱性电解水用离子膜材料开展论述，包含多孔隔膜、溶剂化离子膜和阴离子交换膜三个类别，从氢氧根传导率、耐碱稳定性及电池性能等角度，分析碱性电解水用离子膜的研究进展及所面临的技术难题，从膜结构与膜材料分子设计着手，为研究开发用于碱性电解水的离子膜提供新思路。

关键词: 制氢, 电解水, 隔膜, 碱性离子膜, 耐碱稳定性