Research status of removal of arsenic by wet process phosphoric acid

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0047

Abstract

Abstract:

With the continuous development of the food, pharmaceutical and electronics industries, the market demand for phosphoric acid and phosphate is increasing, and the quality requirements for phosphoric acid are also increasing, Especially the requirements for arsenic impurities in wet process phosphoric acid, the content of arsenic in wet process phosphoric acid will directly affect its application in the field of phosphorus fine chemicals. Therefore, the efficient and safe removal of arsenic in wet-process phosphoric acid is a major problem to be solved urgently. The article mainly reviews the research progress of wet purification of phosphoric acid and arsenic removal technology, compares the advantages and disadvantages of several wet purification of phosphoric acid and arsenic removal technology, introduces the application prospects of common chemical precipitation methods, crystallization methods, and emerging electrodeposition methods, vertical zone melting methods, and arsenic removal in microreactor processes. And pointed out that these emerging arsenic removal processes will become the future development direction of purification and arsenic removal of wet-process phosphoric acid. If the practical problems of these arsenic removal processes can be solved, this will provide a stronger support for the development of the phosphoric acid industry.

Key words: wet process phosphoric acid, arsenic removal, purification, safety, chemical reaction

摘要：

随着食品、医药及电子行业的不断发展，磷酸及磷酸盐的市场需求量不断增大，并且对磷酸的品质要求也越来越高，尤其是对湿法磷酸中砷杂质的要求，湿法磷酸中砷的含量将直接影响其在磷精细化工领域的应用，因此湿法磷酸中砷的高效、安全去除是亟待解决的一大难题。本文主要对湿法净化磷酸脱砷技术的研究情况进行综述，比较了几种湿法净化磷酸脱砷工艺的优缺点，介绍了较常见的化学沉淀法、结晶法，以及新兴的电沉积法、垂直区域熔融法和微反应器脱砷工艺的应用前景，并指出这些新兴的脱砷工艺将成为今后湿法磷酸的净化脱砷的发展方向，如能解决将这些脱砷工艺在实际中的问题，将会对磷酸工业的发展提供一个更有力的支持。

关键词: 湿法磷酸, 脱砷, 纯化, 安全, 化学反应

CLC Number:

O613.63

Yisheng RAO, Xiaojian YANG, hong ZHANG, Guotao HU. Research status of removal of arsenic by wet process phosphoric acid[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S1): 219-224.

饶轶晟, 杨晓健, 张红, 胡国涛. 湿法磷酸净化脱砷的研究现状[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S1): 219-224.

Figures/Tables 1

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净化脱砷方法	优点	缺点	应用状况
硫化物沉淀法	操作简单，容易控制，投资小、成本低	净化深度不够，引入其他杂质离子，耗能高安全风险较大	广泛应用到实际生产中
混凝沉淀法	成本低、适合大量低砷溶液	污染较大，耗能高，可控性也较差	当前的研究较少
结晶法	工艺操作简单、条件温和、耗能低，脱砷效果较好	必须进行多次结晶，且母液与纯晶体难以分离，不适宜大规模生产	目前尚未应用到工业生产中
电化学沉积法	无污染、耗能低、高效、易控制	电流效率不高，易析出AsH₃	仅停留在实验室研究阶段
垂直区域熔融法	方法操作简单、高效、环保	控制过程中砷的重新分布较难	仅仅是理论数据模型
微反应器脱砷法	高效、安全性更高、降低污染	过程控制要求高	尚未应用

净化脱砷方法	优点	缺点	应用状况
硫化物沉淀法	操作简单，容易控制，投资小、成本低	净化深度不够，引入其他杂质离子，耗能高安全风险较大	广泛应用到实际生产中
混凝沉淀法	成本低、适合大量低砷溶液	污染较大，耗能高，可控性也较差	当前的研究较少
结晶法	工艺操作简单、条件温和、耗能低，脱砷效果较好	必须进行多次结晶，且母液与纯晶体难以分离，不适宜大规模生产	目前尚未应用到工业生产中
电化学沉积法	无污染、耗能低、高效、易控制	电流效率不高，易析出AsH₃	仅停留在实验室研究阶段
垂直区域熔融法	方法操作简单、高效、环保	控制过程中砷的重新分布较难	仅仅是理论数据模型
微反应器脱砷法	高效、安全性更高、降低污染	过程控制要求高	尚未应用

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