Photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization in the presence of alkyl iodidie has many attractive features such as simple system composition, wide range wavelengths of light source. This paper summarized the photoinduced RDRP with iodocompounds and cross applications of this polymerization method in recent years, including photoinduced iodine transfer polymerization, photoinduced reversible complexation mediated polymerization. This paper gave a review of the basic mechanism of polymerization, applicability to different-wavelength light sources. Moreover, the preparation of polymer “brush” and polymerization induced self-assembly by photoinduced reversible complexation mediated polymerization were also discussd.

Compared with low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology with oil as main product，high temperature Fischer-Tropsch technology which produces the more diversified and high-value products, has obvious advantages during the current market environment．In this paper，the development and recent advance of high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology are reviewed. The critical issues, including high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, fixed-fluidized bed reactor and catalyst of high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are also discussed. The product distribution and characteristics of high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are introduced. The products processing route is also discussed, and the industrial application prospect and industrialization direction are prospected. The analysis shows that the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology has the advantages of high added value of products, consideration of oil products and chemicals, and mature technology. The products have high light component content, narrow carbon number distribution and high added value α-olefin content. Fine, high-end, and differential processing are the key to achieving high-value utilization of high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products.

Impermeable graphite used in chemical equipment is with strong corrosion resistance, nice electric conductivity, nice heat conductivity, small coefficients of expansion. Compared with expensive metal material which has same advantages as above, graphite is cheaper, so graphite equipment is widely used to dealing with HCL acid, H₂SO₄ acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid and other corrosive fluid. Besides pesticide industry, graphite equipment is widely used in chemical fertilizer industry, dye industry, petrochemical industry, metal smelting industry, food industry and others. Graphite equipment is used in heating, cooling, condensing, evaporating and absorbing sectio。

In this work, the mixing process and homogenization mechanism of Bi₂O-ZnO-B₂O₃ ternary glass slurry under mechanical excitation were numerically studied. Firstly, the dynamic viscosity of Bi₂O₃, ZnO and B₂O₃ glass slurries were measured by rotating viscometer and the particle sizes were measured by optical microscope. The diffusion coefficient of the slurries were obtained by Stokes-Einstein equation. Then, the simulation model for the mixing process of Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ ternary glass slurry under mechanical vibration is established by Fluent software, and the mixing deviation describing the mixing uniformity of ternary glass slurry is defined. The numerical results show that the increase of the amplitude and frequency of the container both accelerate the mixing of ternary slurry. The exciting amplitude and frequency should not be two large, otherwise, the slurries would overflow the container. Additionally, mixing deviation decreases with the increase of exciting time, which can be described by power function, so that the time required to mix uniformly for Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ ternary glass slurry under different amplitudes and frequencies can be predicted. Appropriate amplitudes and frequencies are helpful to improve mixing efficiency and avoid slurry overflowing the container.

It’s very important to control the humidity of museums’ display cases. In order to realize the function of keeping display cases’ humidity constant automatically, a method is proposed to automatically supplement water tank of humidity-constant cases with environmental water vapor, which is based on the principle of adsorption. Then a corresponding small air water intake device is built to proves the feasibility of this method. At the same time, the mathematical model of the air intake device coupled with heat and mass transfer is constructed. After the influence of the ambient temperature and humidity on the water intake performance of the device is obtained, the influence of the heating power and the structure of the adsorption bed on the water intake per unit energy consumption of the device is analyzed. In addition, two dimensionless parameters based on the height and diameter of the adsorption bed are proposed for the later application of the device. The results show that the temperature of the inlet air has little influence on the water intake performance, but the humidity of the inlet air has an obvious difference on the device’s performance. And the water intake increases with the increase of environmental relative humidity. There is an optimal value of heating power, and the water intake per unit energy consumption increases first and then decreases with the increase of heating power. Under the current combination of geometric parameters, the water intake per unit energy consumption of the device is the highest when two dimensionless parameters η is 2, β is 4.

Aiming at the problem of uneven spraying, easy cracking and low service life of rotary granulation sprinkler during use, the equipment structure, working principle and original processing scheme were studied. Based on the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the straight hole bucket and the inclined hole bucket, and combined with the application effect, the research direction of the inclined hole nozzle was determined. Through theoretical derivation and calculation, the optimal angle of inclined hole was determined, which effectively guarantees the working efficiency and the quality of prilling bucket. By adjusting the processing scheme, adopting the process of double-sided automatic welding of spray drum and water cutting of lower cover, the indexes of prilling bucket are guaranteed and the service life of prilling bucket is increased. Finally, the feasibility of the improved prilling bucket has been proved by engineering practice, and it has been popularized and applied in many domestic chemical plants, gradually replacing the imported technology, achieving the goal of localization of key equipment and components in urea production.

Based on dynamic model identification, soft measurement and online optimization, model predictive algorithm was applied to the process of the coal-based syngas to ethylene glycol. First, the advanced control structure and model of the process were given in detail. Then some key indexes of the distillation column, such as temperature, pressure, process quality were predicted online, monitored and closed-loop controlled. Therefore, the operation stability of the production process of synthesis gas to glycol was improved, the conversion rate of raw materials and product yield were also increased, which lead to the energy consumption of the process decreased largely. The industry applications show that the manipulated stability of the distillation was largely improved after the application of the advanced control technique, standard deviation of some main manipulated control variables was decreased about 20%, steam was decreased 3.67% compared the past and labor intensity was also lightened than past.

The spray towers in wet desulfurization, composed of multi-scale structures, are complex system, where the mesoscopic structure has great influence on the mass transfer between droplets and flue gas. Based on the internal structure of the spray tower, a drag force model based on the mesoscopic structure is established in this paper. Then, the model is coupled to a two-fluid model to simulate and predict the flow structure of flue gas and liquid droplets inside the spray tower. In the simulation results, through the analysis and comparison of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional pressure drop, velocity, and droplet distribution, it could be found that the simulation results predicted the flow structure of the flue gas and droplets in the absorption tower accurately, which fully explained the drag model based on the mesoscopic structure can reflect the force between the droplet and the flue gas well.

Aimed at the problem of low thermal uniformity caused by non-uniform radiation, point focused transmissive Fresnel concentrator is designed and concentrating performance model is established based on Tracepro optical software and Monte Carlo ray tracing method, to study the influence of different design parameters of concentrator on optical performance. Through simulation, the following results show that: 1) F number, pitch and tracking error have great influence on optical efficiency and geometric concentrating ratio. The uniformity of light spot energy varies with the relative position in V shape; 2) The concentrator is not necessarily the best at the focal length. Properly reducing the spacing not only improves thermal uniformity but also saves space and cost; 3)The optical efficiency of the point-focus transmissive Fresnel collector designed in this paper is 82.69%, uniformity of light spot energy is 22.06%, the geometric concentration ratio is 226, the average heat flux density is 64924W/m², and the comprehensive performance of optical performance and thermal uniformity is good. It has certain applicability and application prospects in the field of concentrated photovoltaic and solar thermal utilization.

At present, tubular gas distributor is widely used in airlift loop bioreactor, which is easy to block and has low power efficiency. There are few reports on the application of microporous gas distributor with small bubble size and high dynamic efficiency in airlift loop bioreactor. In order to study the actual effect of microporous gas distributor applied in airlift loop bioreactor, the structure optimization of microporous gas distributor was studied, and the influence of the type, diameter and installation position of the distributor on the oxygen mass transfer coefficient was investigated, and then the performance parameters such as the oxygen filling capacity, oxygen utilization rate and dynamic efficiency of the optimized microporous gas distributor and their change laws were investigated. The optimal design parameters were obtained of microporous gas distributor to provide guidance for their industrial application. The results showed that disc-type microporous distributor had a better mass transfer performance than the tube-type one. When the disc-type distributor diameter was 0.4R and the distance from the distributor to the draft-tube bottom was 1R, in which R is draft-tubeinner radius, the oxygen transfer coefficient was biggest. The study also indicated that the suitable gas rate was 1.5m³/h, and at this point, oxygenation capacity was 0.14 kg/h with oxygen utilization rate 34.63% and dynamic efficiency 3.35kg/(kW·h).

The ejector is an important part of the current atmospheric burner, and it undertakes the key task of ejecting and mixing two or more media with each other. This paper first designed and optimized the structure of the two-stage ejector for the gas burner, and carried out two-dimensional, steady-state numerical simulations of the two designed two-stage ejectors. The mixing process of momentum and mass exchange of gas and air uses the mass ejection coefficient and the standard deviation coefficient of the outlet methane mass fraction to characterize the ejection performance and mixing performance of the ejector. The structure parameters and operating parameters of the ejector are studied. Studies have shown that two types of two-stage ejectors can eject air that exceeds the stoichiometric ratio. There is an optimal value for the length of the first-stage mixing section to maximize the mass flow rate ejecting coefficient of the ejector. When the other parameters of the ejector are the same, the optimized two-stage ejector's ejection performance is improved under different back pressure, and the mixing performance is reduced under different back pressures. The higher the back pressure, the greater the improvement in ejection performance, and the smaller the decrease in mixing performance.

In order to find the optimal structure of solar energy storage tank, the cylinder water tank with hemispherical top is taken as the research object. By changing the area, number and location of the holes on the built-in horizontal obstacles, 13 obstacles with different structure are obtained. The influences of inlet velocity of cold water on the temperature field and flow field of the tanks are numerically analyzed. The results show that the inhibition effect of different opening mode on obstacles on the mixing process of hot and cold water is different. In this study, the opening method 2 has a strong adaptability to the change of the user water consumption. The heat storage capacity of the tanks can be effectively increased by increasing the inlet velocity of cold water or increasing the number of holes on obstacles when the opening area is unchanged. And keep the inlet velocity of cold water unchanged, the heat storage capacity of the tanks can be effectively increased by reducing the diameter of the locating circle of holes on obstacles under smaller opening area. Tank 6 has the maximum heat storage capacity. Too high or too low inlet velocity of cold water is not conducive to the formation of good temperature stratification in tanks. And the tank 11 has the highest temperature stratification efficiency for all the studied modes.

This paper introduces the working principle and thermodynamic performance of “zero output technology of low-pressure cylinder”, the influence of variation of operating back pressure on safety and economy of zero output technology of low-pressure cylinde is analyzed in detail. The results show that: when the unit is running under the condition of zero output of low-pressure cylinder, under the main steam flow of 1961t/h condition, the operating back pressure decreased from 0.0049MPa to 0.0029MPa, the volumetric flow of low-pressure cylinder increased from 3387137m³/h to 5449587m³/h, the heating load increased from 862.4MW to 899.0MW, and the coal consumption of unit decreased from 198.7g/(kW·h) to 186.0g/(kW·h); Under the main steam flow of 1861.3t/h condition, the operating back pressure decreased from 0.0049MPa to 0.0029MPa, the volumetric flow of low-pressure cylinder increased from 3391026m³/h to 5446086m³/h, the heating load increased from 821.9MW to 858.6MW, and the coal consumption of unit decreased from 201.7g/(kW·h) to 187.0g/(kW·h). This shows that when the unit is running under the condition of zero output of low-pressure cylinder, through increasing the volumetric flow of low-pressure cylinder, the safety of operation of the low-pressure cylinder will be enhanced, so it is beneficial to improve the safety of operation of the unit, and it can also decrease coal consumption and increase economic benefit through properly reducing the operating back pressure of the unit.

The object of research is the high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall of the utility boiler in the form of hedge combustion. The corrosion characteristics of the water-cooled wall combustion area are modeled and analyzed from the perspective of corrosion mechanism and combustion characteristics. The distribution of sulfide-type molten salt corrosion parts is distributed. The areas where severe corrosion occurs will be concentrated in the area around the burners on both sides of the wall, the area of the lower cold ash hopper, and the middle of the sides of the wall between the upper burner and the top burnout vent region.The verification of field measured data shows that when the oxygen concentration in the near wall of the water-cooled wall of a coal-fired power plant boiler is extremely low, the concentration of H₂S, CO and other substances exceeds the requirements of the corrosion judgment index.Combined with engineering experience, specific measures for high temperature corrosion prevention of water-cooled walls are given.

Atmospheric and vacuum equipment is an important part of refining and chemical enterprises. With the development of science and technology, more and more enterprises have begun to use the sideline of primary distillation towers to increase the production of aviation coal. A refinery chemical company’s 3^# atmospheric and vacuum unit has processed mixed crude oil at 8.0Mt/a. The process simulation and operation optimization of the unit are performed through Aspen Plus. The optimal extraction position of the side line of the initial distillation column is determined to be the 22nd tray. The extraction volume is 16t/h, and the best heat extraction ratio of atmospheric tower is the top of the tower + top cycle∶one middle∶two middle=0.387∶0.233∶0.380. The result not only will increase the heat extraction rate of 8.11GJ/h in Changzhong, providing favorable conditions for subsequent optimization of the heat exchange network, but also increase the production of aviation coal by 16t/h on the basis of ensuring the quality of each sideline product, and the extraction of the atmospheric tower. The output rate has also increased from 35.5% to 36.3%. It shows that based on the optimization of heat extraction in the middle section of the atmospheric tower, the effect of increasing the output of jet coal by using the sideline of the initial distillation tower is obvious, and the extraction rate of the atmospheric tower will also rise. And with the rapid development of Chinese aerospace industry, the market demand for aviation coal is on the rise. Therefore, it has great practical significance for the use of the side line of the primary distillation column.

The air compressor in unit 02 of the coal chemical project of Henan Zhongyuan Dahua Group Co., Ltd. runs by steam turbine, which has good energy saving, but there are problems such as abnormal vibration and high noise in normal production and operation. This paper introduces the on-line monitoring system of air compressor unit structure, vibration and other parameters, interlock protection program and spectrum analysis of 3500 system. The application of on-line vibration monitoring system and spectrum analysis technology in fault diagnosis of steam turbine is studied. Taking the air compressor and steam turbine set as the entry point to develop and demonstrate step by step; the results indicate that: shrink machine online monitoring system can timely find compressor unit in the production of abnormal condition occurred in the use of spectrum analyzer 3500 system on the vibration of the abnormal parts after data collection, through the spectrum, the axis trajectory and production process parameters and so on carries on the comprehensive analysis can effectively judge the fault mechanism of unit, thus provide unit operation optimization scheme.

Due to the obvious defects in hydrogen storage density, energy consumption and the relative infrastructure construction, the existing hydrogen storage technology is difficult to meet the commercial needs of fuel cell technology. The on site hydrogen production technology has attracted the abroad attentions，with the advantages of high hydrogen production rate, wide application field, perfect infrastructure, good safety and low cost, the hydrogen production technology of diesel reforming can be widely applied in automobile, ship, distributed power generation and other civil fields as well as submarine, warship and other military fields, thus has become one of hot-spots worth studying. In this paper, the diesel reforming for hydrogen production technologies are introduced and classified, the reaction mechanisms of steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming are specified, and a comparative analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the three diesel reforming technology are carried out. On this basis, the research progress of the three diesel reforming technology are summarized. Overall, the steam reforming technology has the highest hydrogen concentration and higher system weight, which is more suitable for fixed hydrogen production. Due to the compact structure and the moderate hydrogen concentration of the product, the autothermal reforming technology is considered more suitable for automobile and other mobile hydrogen production field. By comparison, because of lower H₂/CO ratio of the product, higher reaction temperature which prone to coking reaction, the applications of partial oxidation technology are relatively limited.

In recent years, the coupling reaction of cheap, accessible methanol and low value-added light hycarbons for olefins or aromatics has won the attention of people. It has been proved that the reaction had coupling heat and interaction in the reaction. In this paper, the research of methanol coupled light hydrocarbon reaction was introduced from the aspects of the catalyst research, technology development and reaction mechanism, which was in the stage of laboratory, and the main catalysts of coupling reaction were ZSM-5, ZSM-5/ZSM-11, ZSM-11 zeolites and their modification forms. The technology included fixed bed and fluid bed. The possible reaction mechanism was as follows: there are two kinds of reaction mechnism in the coupling reaction of methanol and light hydrocarbons, including monomolecular and bimolecular mechanism. Usually, under conditons of low conversion and high temperature, the initial reaction occurred by a monomolecular attacked by the Br?nsted acid site on CH or CC bonds. This attack resulted in an adsorbed high-energy pentacoordinate carbonium ion, which decomposes toa smaller alkane (or H₂) and an adsorbed carbenium ion. At higher conversion and low temperature, the bimolecular mechanism became the prevailing pathway involving the transfer of a hydride ion between the reactant alkane and an adsorbed carbenium ion derived from decompose of carbonium ion or the adsorption of an alkene on a Br?nsted acid site. These adsorbed species then undergo isomerization, β-scission, and alkylation of alkenes.

Hydrate distribution concentration and occurrence modes in porous media have been investigated widely and concerned constantly by hydrate academic community. It was acknowledged that there was not a consistent argument about these topics notwithstanding heaps of scholars had conducted numerous works using diverse precise favorably instruments and respective methods. Unlike visual tools like X-CT (X-ray computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) is a splendid way to characterize directly surface morphology information of samples due to high resolution and depth of field, etc., which caters completely to hydrate crystalline and porous media size limitation. In this article, we use cryo-cold field SEM (cryo-CFESEM) to capture the texture of ice and tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate, glass beads, and observe the distribution modes of ice and hydrate in porous media. Ice shows mainly hexagonal and spherical shape, which the latter is more than the former in quantity. Moreover, there are a small number of atypical polycrystalline attributed to sintering and/or Ostwald ripening. THF hydrates are block-like, irregular crystals adhering to a few ice crystals on their surface and differ notably in size of the two. This is because THF hydrates forestall the mass transfer of ice-water-vapor system so that it is difficult to form polycrystalline structure of ice without reaching the condition for sintering and/or Ostwald ripening. Additionally, both of them have different growth habits-ice obeys the “pore-filling” and “coating” pattern but packs together tightly and disseminates discretely while THF hydrate size is larger than ice, sprawling densely as well as exhibiting “patchy” mode through secondary electron imaging and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) qualitative analysis. Moreover, the operation condition of EDS characterizing hydrate samples is determined, which provides a powerful guide for the application of EDS.

The bicyclic aromatics are abundant in light cycle oils and can be selectively converted into high-value light aromatics (BTX) through hydrocracking. The existing researches have investigated the process conditions and catalyst properties. Y zeolites are widely used as the acidic component in industrial catalysts, it is very important to study the relationship between the properties of zeolites and reaction results. This article focuses on the advances of those reaction paths on producing of BTX by bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons undergoing hydrotreating saturation, ring-opening, and side chain breaking, the synergistic effect between metal components and zeolite is also summarized. The effects of the properties of zeolite Y, such as texture properties, small crystal particle, acid properties, and coated structure were summarized. These results preliminary showed that the properties of pore and acidity from Y zeolite are important factors to improve the selectivity of the target reaction. By adjusting the properties of Y zeolite, the objectives of promoting conversion and increasing the yield of BTX products can be achieved.

An analytical method was developed for determination of carbon content in petroleum refining catalysts by using elemental analyzer. The carbon in the catalyst was completely oxidized to carbon dioxide by means of high temperature combustion, and carbon dioxide was quantitatively detected by thermal conductivity detector. The method was suitable for almost all petroleum refining catalysts by selecting the appropriate standard substance to draw the standard curve. The optimum working conditions were determined by adjusting the parameters of the instrument, the sample size was 2—20mg, the oxygen delivery time was 80—140s, and the best results were obtained when appropriate conditions were selected for different carbon content. Different kinds of catalyst samples were selected for comparison experiment, and no significant difference was found by T-test. The accuracy of this method was investigated through the standard recovery test. The experimental results showed that this method was simple to operate, accurate and reliable, and widely applicable to all kinds of petroleum refining catalysts.

Natural gas is rich in reserves and is increasingly becoming one of the important clean energy, and the synthesis of high value-added compounds from its main component methane is the frontier of research. Because the structure of methane is stable and the energy of CH bond is very high, the conditions for activating methane are very harsh. In this paper, the reaction principle, research progress, catalytic reactors and shortcomings of common photocatalytic oxidation of methane to compounds are introduced, and then the reaction principle, research progress and catalytic reactors of laser catalytic oxidation of methane to compounds are reviewed. Pointed out that laser light source has many advantages, such as improving the quantum efficiency of photocatalyst and shortening the reaction time of photocatalysis. Then on the basis of in-depth study of the mechanism of laser catalytic reaction, it is expected to significantly improve the performance of laser catalytic reaction, including methane oxidation through designing the scientific and reasonable laser reaction system and selecting the efficient photocatalysts, which has important academic significance and practical value. In the future, the key research direction is to activate methane under mild conditions and to synthesize high value-added compounds by laser catalytic oxidation.

In this paper, the research progress on the preparation, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism of biomass oil catalytic hydrodeoxygenation catalysts in recent years are summarized. The preparation methods, catalytic performance and mechanism of noble metal catalysts, transition metal catalysts and sulfides, carbides, nitrides, phosphide catalysts were mainly discussed. The reasons for the deactivation of the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst were analyzed, and the future development of the biomass oil hydrodeoxygenation catalysts was also proposed: the application of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous (3DOM) perovskite oxide may play a role in improving the catalytic performance of the catalyst.

A series of Ca-Mg-Al mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method. Through the investigation of the preparation conditions such as the ratio of precipitant, pH of precipitation solution and calcination temperature, it was found that the highest activity of Ca-Mg-Al catalyst was obtained when Na₂CO₃ was used as precipitant, pH=9.5 and calcined at 850℃ for 4h. When the ratio of n(PG)∶n(urea) is 1.5∶1, the reaction temperature is 145℃, 20kPa (absolute pressure), the reaction time is 4h and the amount of catalyst is 5%, the yield of propylene carbonate is 84.6%. The composition, crystal form and acidity of the catalyst were characterized by XRF, XRD, NH₃-TPD, SEM and BET. It was found that with the increase of the content of Na₂CO₃ in the precipitant, the ratio of CaO to MgO in the catalyst increased, and the yield of propylene carbonate also increased. After calcination at 850℃, there were two active centers of CaO and MgO in the catalyst, which played a synergistic catalytic role. With the increase of calcination temperature from 700℃ to 850℃, the NH₃-TPD desorption shifted to low temperature, and the area ratio of NH₃ desorption peaks in strong acid center deceased significantly from 81.14% to 0. The area ratio of NH₃ desorption peaks in middle acid center increased from 0 to 78.07%, and the yield of propylene carbonate (PC) increased from 68% to 84.6%, which indicates that the decrease in the strong acid sites of the catalyst is the main reason for the increase in catalytic activity.

Here the superparamagnetic MoS₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ catalyst were prepared by hydrothermal method with SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ as carrier and MoS₂ as active constitutes. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, VSM, BET and FTIR. The results show that the catalyst has effectively loading the active component and has excellent magnetic properties, the coating layer of SiO₂ can not only protect the magnetic core, but also significantly increase BET specific surface area. The viscosity-reducing performance of the catalyst was systematically investigated with atmospheric residue. It was found that the prepared catalyst can effectively reduce the viscosity of residual, which is better than commercial MoS₂ and Mo(CO)₆. Increasing reaction temperature can also achieve better visbreaking effect. Besides, the catalyst can be separated under the external magnetic field after the reaction. These results provide new insights into the development of recyclable catalyst that integrate the magnetic and active component in the treatment of heavy oil.

New chemical reactions and catalytic mechanisms can be found in the hydrothermal synthesis of complexes or compounds. In this paper, the compound of 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone is synthesized in-situ by [Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂] (where L=4(3H)-quinazolinone) complex to catalyzes the CC bond cleavage of acetonitrile under 130℃. The structures of 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and [Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂] are characterized by IR, elemental analysis, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The results show that [Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂] and 2-methyl-4 (3H) -quinazolone belong to the triclinic system and P-1 space group. Three sets of temperature control experiments show that the temperature has an important effect on the formation of 2-methyl-4 (3H) -quinazolinone, and that the temperature is higher than 130℃ is conducive to the catalytic reaction. The electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to characterize the formation mechanism of 2-methyl-4 (3H)-quinazolone. It was found that [Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂] catalyzed the CC cleavage in the acetonitrile molecule to produce (CN)₂ and ·CH₃. The ·CH₃ is selectively introduced between the C and N atoms in 4(3H)-quinazolone. This paper has a guiding effect on the in-situ introduction of CH₃.

Due to moderate specific surface area(400—700m²/g), high porosity, high bulk density and adsorption performance, and no dust pollution during transportation of actived semi-coke monolith, it was carbon material with high added value. This paper was to summarize the main monolith and preparation processes of actived semi-coke, i.e. monolith activation process and activation monolith process, and review its progress in the flue gas desulphurization and denitrification, water treatment and fuel cell, meanwhile briefly analyze its adsorption mechanism and challenges in desorption. Thus more work should be carried out to further develop to the mechanism research on the monolith, adsorption and desorption, and industrial application and promotion of actived semi-coke monolith.

In this paper, a water dispersible hydrophobic monomer with C\stackrel{\text{????}}{?}C bond based on graphene (IHGOE) was prepared by grafting hydrophobic alkyl chain derived from glycidyl neodecanoate (E10P) through chemical action with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Hybrid emulsion with core/shell structure was further prepared by free radical polymerization with acrylate monomers after introducing the IHGOE into the shell layer. And its structure was chartered by FTIR, XPS, TG, SEM, and DSL. The effects of the IHGOE on the performance of practical application was also investigated including the water contact angle (CA), adhesion, hardness, water resistance, water resistance. The results demonstrated that the film of the emulsion exhibited the best performance when the mass fraction of IHGOE in the emulsion formulation was 20%, i.e. the CA of 110.8° overmatched the pure acrylate emulsion film with CA of 74.3°, which greatly enhanced its water proof. The adhesion of the film is 0 grade, the hardness is 2H, the resistant time of boiling water reached one hour, water-resistant immersion time was above 48h, butanone-resistant wiping (1kg) was above 100 times, and both the immersion time in 5% NaOH and 5% HCl solution were above 24h.

Multi-physics model of microwave heating-laser heating-thermal radiation-flow heat transfer-solid mechanics was established using simulation software. We studied the temperature field disrtibution and thermal stress of the carbon fiber tow with a diameter of 1mm heated by laser. We also studied the effects of different laser power on the temperature field and thermal stress.At the same time, we propose that the temperature field distribution and the thermal stress can be adjusted with the co-heating process via laser and microwave for the first time.The simulation results show that the combination of laser heating and microwave heating can improve the temperature field distribution of the carbon fiber tow and effectively reduce the thermal stress during the heating.

In order to adapt the demands for the lightweight, economic and functional materials, CA₂ material was prepared by two steps reaction and sintering of mixture powders method after the mixture powders of Al₂O₃ and CaCO₃ was pre-sintering at 1200℃ for 2h and sintering at 1600℃ for 1h by addition of TiO₂ micro powder, and the promoting law and mechanism of TiO₂ addition on sintering of this_{refractory was discussed.The results showed that the added Ti⁴⁺ dissolves to CA2 by substituting Al³⁺, which effectively promotes the lattice distortion of CA2 and increases the Al³⁺ vacancies, and then effectively improves the sintering activity of CA2, accelerates intercrystalline mixing and diffusion in the sintering process, thus the sintering of CA2 is effectively promoted. At the same time, the excess TiO2 reacts with the exsolution of Al2O3 to form the Al2TiO5 further fills the pores and promots the sintering densification of CA2. Based on the above factors, the sintering densification behavior of CA2 material is synergistically promoted. As a result, the dense microstructure is obtained, with the apparent porosity decreases from 12.7% to 4.7% and the bulk density increases from 2.51g/cm³ to 2.65g/cm³ after firing at 1600℃ for 1h by addition of 2%TiO2, and a texture microstructure of CA2 phases is prepared.}

Traffic surveillance complement lighting source has severe glare effect, which causes potential safety problems by disturbing driver’s vision. Taking into consideration of the eye sensitivity to light at different wavelengths, it is possible to reduce the glare effect by increasing the relatively insensitive red part in the spectral distribution of light source. This requires changing the phosphor components in the lighting devices. In this work, cerium-doped yttrium aluminum/gallium garnet and europium-doped calcium/strontium aluminum silicon nitride phosphors are synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method. All the samples have pure phases, and the powder particles are evenly distributed. Spectroscopic measurements reveal that phosphors can be effectively excited by visible blue light and emit green-yellow and red light, respectively. They are fabricated together with blue chips to make lighting devices. The red-light phosphor contributes to improved lighting quality, such as the color temperature and color rendering index. Meanwhile, the yellow-green light part is reduced while the white-light emission is maintained, which could effectively solve the glare problem.

Traditional metal materials and ceramic materials are not suitable for replacement and repair of some parts of human tissues because of their excessive rigidity and inferior flexibility. In this case, polyurethane materials with preferable rigidity and flexibility, better biocompatibility and blood adaptability have attracted more attention of many researchers. A series of medical polyurethane materials have been developed and widely used, which plays an important role in the field of medicine. In this paper, the development background, main composition and properties of medical polyurethane was briefly introduced. The research and application progress of polyurethane in artificial heart accessories, artificial blood vessels and scaffolds, artificial skin, dressings and memory orthotics are intensively summarized. Furthermore, an overview of research on medical degradable polyurethane materials is presented, and the current problems on the study of medical polyurethane materials are discussed. The key technology for the further development of polyurethane in medical field is to accurately control the biodegradability of polyurethane materials.

With the continuous development of the food, pharmaceutical and electronics industries, the market demand for phosphoric acid and phosphate is increasing, and the quality requirements for phosphoric acid are also increasing, Especially the requirements for arsenic impurities in wet process phosphoric acid, the content of arsenic in wet process phosphoric acid will directly affect its application in the field of phosphorus fine chemicals. Therefore, the efficient and safe removal of arsenic in wet-process phosphoric acid is a major problem to be solved urgently. The article mainly reviews the research progress of wet purification of phosphoric acid and arsenic removal technology, compares the advantages and disadvantages of several wet purification of phosphoric acid and arsenic removal technology, introduces the application prospects of common chemical precipitation methods, crystallization methods, and emerging electrodeposition methods, vertical zone melting methods, and arsenic removal in microreactor processes. And pointed out that these emerging arsenic removal processes will become the future development direction of purification and arsenic removal of wet-process phosphoric acid. If the practical problems of these arsenic removal processes can be solved, this will provide a stronger support for the development of the phosphoric acid industry.

The hydration and swelling of shale is an important cause of wellbore instability. In this work, the inhibitive performance of a novel potassium polymer K-PAC and its influences on the rheological and filtration properties of a water-based drilling fluid were evaluated by the immersion test, linear swelling experiment, shale recovery test and rheological and filtration tests. Evaluation results showed that 0.5% K-PAC had a better inhibition property than 5% KCl and 2% poly(propylene glycol)bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (PEA-D230). Although the inhibitive performance of 0.5% K-PAC is similar with 0.5% potassium polyacrylamide (K-PAM), but its influences on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid are better than K-PAM. The inhibition mechanisms were studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. K⁺ from K-PAC could intercalate into the clay interlayers, followed by expelling water and minimizing the clay swelling. Polyanionic from K-PAC could adsorb on the clay surface, protecting the colloidal properties of drilling fluid and control the filtration loss. The synergistic effect between K⁺ and Polyanionic in K-PAC could lead to a better inhibitive performance. K-PAC is composed of polyanionic cellulose and K⁺, environmentally friendly and low cost. Therefore, K-PAC has a great application potential in water-based drilling fluids which are a low-cost, environmental friendly and have excellent inhibitive performance.

Some local governments have issued policies to control the white plume of coal-fired power plants, which has attracted widespread attention. In order to deepen the research on white plume control, the formation and elimination mechanism of white plume were introduced, and the control technologies of white plume, including flue gas heating, flue gas dewatering and flue gas dewatering and reheating, was introduced. Furthermore, the control technology is summarized, and it is pointed out that the existing control technology has some limitations, which can only eliminate the white plume completely under specific environmental conditions. On the basis of satisfying policy requirements and environmental conditions, taking into account technical limitations, engineering practice and economy, the route of technology selection is proposed. In addition, the environmental impact analysis shows that the environmental benefit of white plume control is not obvious. Finally, the white plume control is forecasted, and it is pointed out that the white plume control should be flexible, differentiated and regionalized, avoiding compulsory, uniform and generalized.

The limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization is the most important desulfurization method in China. With the continuous improvement and simplification of this method, the operation of the desulfurization system is more stable and the cost is also continuously reduced, but many problems in operation process still exist. This paper summarizes the common problems occur in the operation of limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization system, such as scaling and blockage, corrosion and wearing, foaming and overflow, and the poor gypsum quality, etc. and the specific types of these problems and the main influencing factors are pointed out; then, from the perspective of the system operation mechanism, the interrelationships and interaction effects of these problems are explained, and these problems are attributed to the disorder of the desulfurization system. This paper combines the current conditions of the power plant, the current research foundation and the achievable technical methods to verify the feasibility of artificial intelligence applied to desulfurization systems from four aspects. It is suggested that the diagnosis model of system operation should be established by artificial intelligence to solve the existing problems, and the conceptual model of desulfurization system based on artificial intelligence and concrete implementation ideas are put forward.

This article summarizes the current status of flame retardant production and use in China, and summarizes flame retardants into organic flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants and metal flame retardants. Introduce the harm of flame retardant to human body and nature. Summarize the practical application of flame retardants and the environmental pollution problems caused by flame retardants. By contacting the atmospheric environment, soil environment, and actual conditions, the migration of flame retardants in the natural environment is introduced. The analysis focuses on the flame retardants entering the water environment and the transformation pathways of the flame retardants in the water environment. The use of flame retardants is an important way for flame retardants to enter the water environment; rainfall makes the flame retardants in the air dissolve in rainwater, flows into the municipal pipe network, and finally discharges rivers into the water environment. Due to the serious harm of flame retardant pollution, the analysis of flame retardant wastewater has the characteristics of high total phosphorus and high COD, which is a kind of difficult wastewater to treat. According to the current practice and research of flame retardant wastewater treatment, some flame retardant wastewater treatment methods and processes are summarized. The main introductions are adsorption, extraction processes, electrolytic methods and advanced oxidation processes, chemical precipitation other wastewater treatment processes, and actual processing effect. In addition, the treatment effects of various processes are compared, and the preferred process is selected based on the actual situation of technical economy and operation: electrolysis, advanced oxidation combined with chemical precipitation process. Finally, suggestions and prospects for flame retardant treatment and pollution control in China are put forward.

For the problem of high energy consumption for regeneration of post-combustion amine decarburization process, an amine decarburization regeneration system with MVR (mechanical vapor recompression）was established through integrating MVR technology into the ammonia regeneration process. Taking the regenerative energy consumption as the objective function, the key parameters affecting the energy consumption were investigated based on a rate-based non-equilibrium model, and their influence law on the regeneration system were analyzed. Results showed that MVR technology shows good energy saving effect in this regeneration system, but the energy-saving efficiency should be lower than 41.3%. With the increasing of the rich liquid loading in the range of 0.35—0.55mol/mol and raising the feed temperature from 90℃ to 115℃, the energy consumption of regeneration were reduced quickly. Although increasing the pressure of the regeneration tower contribute to reduce the regenerative energy consumption, it was more suitable to control the pressure below 2atm. Reducing the pressure of the flash tower, the compressor duty was constantly increased, the reboiler duty was reduced quickly. The reasonable range of flash pressure is 0.9—1.0 atm. Reducing condenser temperature from 70℃ to 20℃ slightly increase regeneration energy consumption and improve CO₂ purity.

Low temperature conversion of NO over sludge char which was prepared by pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge was experimentally investigated. The effects of pyrolysis temperature (400℃, 600℃ and 800℃) and initial moisture content (0, 66% and 80%, mass fraction) on NO conversion characteristics of sludge char were studied. The results indicated that the sludge char contains high content of iron (41.1mg/g). The increase of pyrolysis temperature can promote the formation of ferrous components (Fe₂P and FeS), improving the NO reduction ability of iron, as well as the de-NO_x efficiency of sludge char. The specific surface area of sludge was greatly promoted when sludge was pyrolyzed under higher moisture content, as well as the low temperature NO reduction performance of sludge char. Based on the analysis of specific surface area analysis, X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, it was found that the formation of ferrous components in sludge char was the key factor influencing NO conversion, whereas the effects of the specific surface area and surface functional groups of sludge char was not obvious.

Based on the central combination design principle of response surface methodology, the multiple quadratic regression equation relating leaching temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio and interaction between them on selective leaching rate and slurry filtration rate was established, and the multi-objective optimization of the oxygen pressure sulfuric acid selective leaching process for copper smelting slag was performed using the adaptive weighted particle swarm method. The results show that the leaching temperature and sulfuric acid concentration and liquid-solid ratio are the main factors affecting the leaching rate and filtration rate. There are interaction effects among the response factors affecting the leaching rate and filtration rate, and each of the optimal conditions for the selective leaching rate and the pulp filtration rate are different. The optimum conditions for the simultaneous optimization of selective leaching rate and slurry filtration rate are as follows: temperature of 204.1°C, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.46mol/L, and liquid-solid ratio of 6.9mL/g. Under the optimum conditions, the selective leaching rate is 96.95%, the filtration rate is 399.42L/(m²?h). Compared the average selective leaching rate and average filtration rate with that of 96.57% and 398L/(m²?h) respectively in verification experiment, the deviation between them is small. The value predicted by the equation is in good agreement with the verified actual value, indicating that the model obtained is accurate and the optimization scheme is credible.

Formaldehyde is the main indoor pollutant, which is seriously harmful to human health. Accurate measuring the concentration of formaldehyde, especially the low concentration of formaldehyde, has irreplaceable significance for indoor formaldehyde concentration measurement and pollution control. Phenol reagent spectrophotometry has the advantages of low reagent cost, simple operation, and better detection limit, sensitivity, anti-interference, is the most applied formaldehyde detection method. This research refer the experimental procedure of phenol reagent spectrophotometry detect formaldehyde which recommended by national standard GB/T 18204.2—2014. The key influencing factors such as the dosage of hydrochloric acid, phenolic reagent, ammonium ferric sulfate and Color rendering temperature, wavelength, color rendering time and stability of ammonium ferric sulfate solution, phenolic reagent solution were investigated by control variable method, and obtained the optimal detection conditions for formaldehyde detection. Based on the above, representative curves were drawn by several experiments, and the sensitivity of the detection method was determined. The detection limit of this method for formaldehyde detection was about 0.061μg.

The pollution of heavy metals in soil is a serious problem in China. In this work, a way of collaborative harmless treatment disposal and resource utilization of heavy metal polluted hazardous soil was proposed. It was found that the addition of attapulgite and auxiliary materials can transform the hazardous solid waste to general solid waste, and pretreated soil could be further utilized as the feed for ceramsite production. Under optimized conditions, more than 50%, 66%, 59% and 52% content of lead, chromium, copper and zinc in the contaminated soil could be stabilized when 4% (mass fraction) attapulgite was added in 48h. After that, the pretreated solid waste was calcined in a continuous rotary kiln to ceramsite, and the content of Pb and Cd emitted during ceramsite production is lower than the control requirements of emission limit.

In order to effectively reduce the content of polymer in polymer-containing oily sludge and reduce the influence of polymer on the subsequent treatment of polymer-containing oily sludge, ultrasonic, depolymerizing agent and cooperative processing technique were adopted to treat the polymer-containing oily sludge. The effects of ultrasonic time, ultrasonic frequency, depolymerizer dosage and other parameters on depolymerizing and deoiling effects were studied. The experimental results show that the amount of polymer-containing oily sludge was reduced by about 60% and the oil removal rate was about 75% after centrifugal separation under the condition of ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and ultrasonic time of 5min, but the effect of ultrasonic on depolymerization was not obvious, ultrasonic was suitable for the reduction treatment of polymer-containing oily sludge. After depolymerizing agent treatment, the degradation rate of polymer in oily sludge reached up to 96.7%, and the bottom sediment after centrifugal separation was loose and the water phase was clear. After ultrasonic and depolymerizing agent cooperative processing treatment, the degradation rate of polymer in oily sludge reached up to 97.5%, while the oil content of solid residue after pyrolysis was lower than 0.3% under the condition of ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and ultrasonic time of 5min, depolymerization agent dose of 4000mg/kg and pyrolysis temperature of 550℃. It is shown that the cooperative processing technique of ultrasonic and depolymerizing agent met the requirements of sludge resource treatment.

The coal to olefins projects scale and dominant terms classification are stated. The key and difficult points of engineering and technology management for coal to olefins projects during feasibility study, overall engineering design,basic engineering design and detail engineering design phases are discussed and analyzed. The frequentary problems of engineering and technology management are discussed and analyzed. The one of the key points for the success of the project is the owner’s pay attention and strengthen for engineering and technology management of the projects and the good cooperation between the owner and engineering companies.