Abstract:

Traditional metal materials and ceramic materials are not suitable for replacement and repair of some parts of human tissues because of their excessive rigidity and inferior flexibility. In this case, polyurethane materials with preferable rigidity and flexibility, better biocompatibility and blood adaptability have attracted more attention of many researchers. A series of medical polyurethane materials have been developed and widely used, which plays an important role in the field of medicine. In this paper, the development background, main composition and properties of medical polyurethane was briefly introduced. The research and application progress of polyurethane in artificial heart accessories, artificial blood vessels and scaffolds, artificial skin, dressings and memory orthotics are intensively summarized. Furthermore, an overview of research on medical degradable polyurethane materials is presented, and the current problems on the study of medical polyurethane materials are discussed. The key technology for the further development of polyurethane in medical field is to accurately control the biodegradability of polyurethane materials.

Key words: polyurethane, biological medicine, biodegradable, tissue engineering, biological stability

摘要：

传统的金属材料和陶瓷材料由于刚性过强而缺乏适当的挠性和弹性，对于人体组织某些部位的代用和修补出现不同程度的副作用。鉴于此，兼具刚性与柔性、良好的生物相容性和血液适应性等特点的聚氨酯材料引起了众多研究者的关注。一系列医用聚氨酯材料被研发并广泛应用，在医药领域占据着重要地位。本文首先简要介绍了医用聚氨酯的发展背景，总结了其主要的组成结构和性能特点。主要综述了聚氨酯在人造心脏及辅器、人造血管及支架、人造皮肤、伤口敷料和记忆矫形等领域的研究进展。然后重点概述了目前医用可降解聚氨酯材料的研究现状，并对医用聚氨酯材料现存问题进行了探讨，指出聚氨酯在该领域进一步发展的关键技术是实现准确把控聚氨酯材料在生物体内的降解性。

关键词: 聚氨酯, 生物医药, 生物降解, 组织工程, 生物稳定性