Research progress on vehicle liquid hydrogen cylinder design

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1764

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the dual pressure of energy consumption and environmental pollution, new energy generation and hydrogen energy have attracted much attention. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is the most widely used terminal application scenario of hydrogen energy. The on-board liquid hydrogen cylinder is widely regarded as an important type of fuel tank for fuel cell vehicles in the next stage due to its high density and lightweight. The safety and reliability of on-board liquid hydrogen cylinder are the key problems at present. In view of the complex operating environment and high accident hazards of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the essential safety, high efficiency and energy saving of vehicles are very important. However, the design method of on-board liquid hydrogen cylinders is not perfect, and there are failure risks such as brittle material breakage, fatigue failure and vacuum loss. In this paper, the key design links of vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottles are discussed from the aspects of material selection, model selection, design and testing. The historical development and related research progress are reviewed on ductile brittle transition of liquid hydrogen cylinder material, and performances of vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cylinders, including static and dynamic analysis, using process and the fatigue life, thermal insulation performance after loss of vacuum, pressurization design and boosting heat transfer. The research trend of on-board liquid hydrogen cylinder is forecasted. Finally, the key technology of on-board liquid hydrogen cylinder design is summarized and prospected.

Key words: safety, hydrogen, design, vacuum, cryogenic

摘要：

在化石能源消耗和环境污染的双重压力下，新能源发电及氢能备受关注。氢能燃料电池车辆作为目前最为广泛的氢能终端应用场景，对氢燃料储用系统的重量、存储能力、安全性能提出了更高的要求。车载液氢气瓶以其高密度、轻量化被广泛认为是下一阶段燃料电池车辆燃料箱的重要型式，车载液氢气瓶的安全性、绝热性是目前的关键难题。鉴于氢燃料电池汽车使用环境复杂、事故危害大，车辆的本质安全和高效节能十分重要，但车载液氢气瓶的设计方法并不完善，存在材料脆断、疲劳失效、真空丧失等失效风险。本文针对车载储氢气瓶关键设计环节，从选材、选型、设计和测试环节出发，从液氢气瓶材料韧脆转变性、车载液氢气瓶静动力学分析、车载液氢气瓶疲劳寿命、车载液氢气瓶使用过程及真空丧失后的绝热性能、车载液氢气瓶增压设计和增压传热方面综述了研究的历史发展情况、相关研究进展情况，分析了目前国内外研究的情况，预测了与车载液氢气瓶相关的研究趋势，最后对车载液氢气瓶的设计关键技术做了总结与展望。

关键词: 安全, 氢, 设计, 真空, 深冷

CLC Number:

TK91

GUO Jin, ZHANG Geng, CHEN Guohua, ZHU Ming, TAN Yue, LI Wei, XIA Li, HU Kun. Research progress on vehicle liquid hydrogen cylinder design[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4221-4229.

郭晋, 张耕, 陈国华, 朱鸣, 谭粤, 李蔚, 夏莉, 胡昆. 车载液氢气瓶设计技术的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4221-4229.

Figures/Tables 1

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低温材料	特点
铝合金^[18-19]	已应用于航空航天领域的液氢储罐，在轻量化、成形性、焊接性、耐腐蚀性等方面具有明显优势
钛合金^[20-21]	具有良好的低温力学性能，重量轻，具有高的比强度，但其在成型和焊接性能方面的优势不明显，且成本相对较高，应用相对较少
奥氏体不锈钢^[22-23]	应用最广泛的液氢储运容器用低温材料，良好的低温效果，但液氢低温下氢介质的存在引起塑性和韧性的下降

低温材料	特点
铝合金^[18-19]	已应用于航空航天领域的液氢储罐，在轻量化、成形性、焊接性、耐腐蚀性等方面具有明显优势
钛合金^[20-21]	具有良好的低温力学性能，重量轻，具有高的比强度，但其在成型和焊接性能方面的优势不明显，且成本相对较高，应用相对较少
奥氏体不锈钢^[22-23]	应用最广泛的液氢储运容器用低温材料，良好的低温效果，但液氢低温下氢介质的存在引起塑性和韧性的下降

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