Recent advances in copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethanol

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2051

Abstract

Abstract:

The CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction (CO₂ER) technology has a high potential for energy conversion and greenhouse gas reduction. Achieving high current density and desired products with high selectivity, particularly multi-carbon compounds, has become a challenging and hot topic in this field. This article reviews the latest research progress on copper-based catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to ethanol, including the excellent performance, catalyst modification strategies, novel electrolysis processes, stability control, and reaction mechanisms. Special emphasis is placed on the design, synthesis, and application of the copper-based catalysts that can achieve industrially relevant current densities and high selectivity for ethanol. The article also discusses the key factors affecting the catalyst performance, such as the catalyst's oxidation state, performance decline, and electrode stability. Finally, it gives prospects for the future research directions of copper-based catalysts for CO₂ER to ethanol, including improving catalytic efficiency, stability and process scale-ups. This article is expected to provide references and suggestions for the development of efficient catalytic systems for CO₂ER to ethanol and their industrialization.

Key words: electrocatalytic reduction, carbon dioxide, copper, ethanol, stability, selectivity

摘要：

CO₂电催化还原技术在能源转换和温室气体减排中具有重要应用潜力。如何获得高电流密度、高选择性的目标产物，尤其是多碳产物，成为该领域的难点和热点。本文综述了铜基催化剂在电催化还原CO₂制乙醇领域的最新研究进展，包括CO₂电催化制乙醇的最高性能水平、催化剂材料的改性策略、电解工艺创新、电极稳定性调控、反应机理等。特别关注了那些能够达到工业应用电流密度且乙醇选择性较高的铜基催化剂的设计、合成和应用。讨论了影响铜基催化剂性能的关键因素，如催化剂的价态、催化剂性能衰减以及电极稳定性等。最后，展望了铜基催化剂在CO₂电催化还原制乙醇领域的未来研究方向，包括提高催化效率、稳定性和工艺放大研究。本文旨在为电催化CO₂还原制乙醇高效催化体系的研发和工业化可行性提供参考和建议。

关键词: 电催化还原, 二氧化碳, 铜, 乙醇, 稳定性, 选择性

CLC Number:

TQ151.5

TONG Zhenwei, LYU Fei, MA Ziran, LI Ge, PENG Shengpan. Recent advances in copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to ethanol[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(12): 6735-6749.

佟振伟, 闾菲, 马子然, 李歌, 彭胜攀. 铜基催化剂电催化还原CO₂制乙醇最新研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(12): 6735-6749.

Figures/Tables 12

反应	电极电位（vs. SHE）/V
2H⁺+2e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ H₂	-0.42
CO₂+8H^-+8e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ CH₄+2H₂O	-0.24
CO₂+6H⁺+6e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ CH₃OH+H₂O	-0.38
CO₂+4H⁺+4e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ HCHO+H₂O	-0.51
CO₂+2H⁺+2e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ CO+H₂O	-0.52
CO₂+2H⁺+2e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ HCOOH	-0.61
2CO₂+12H⁺+12e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ C₂H₄+4H₂O	0.064
2CO₂+12H⁺+12e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ C₂H₅OH+3H₂O	0.084

反应	电极电位（vs. SHE）/V
2H⁺+2e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ H₂	-0.42
CO₂+8H^-+8e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ CH₄+2H₂O	-0.24
CO₂+6H⁺+6e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ CH₃OH+H₂O	-0.38
CO₂+4H⁺+4e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ HCHO+H₂O	-0.51
CO₂+2H⁺+2e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ CO+H₂O	-0.52
CO₂+2H⁺+2e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ HCOOH	-0.61
2CO₂+12H⁺+12e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ C₂H₄+4H₂O	0.064
2CO₂+12H⁺+12e^- $\overset{}{\to}$ C₂H₅OH+3H₂O	0.084

催化剂	电流密度/A·cm^-2	FE_乙醇/%	电位/V vs. RHE	膜种类	电解液	电解池类型	稳定时间/h	参考文献
LA Cu₂O	0.4	25	—	—	2mol/L KCl	流动池	2	[15]
Cu ^δ⁺	0.4	48.1	-2.88	阴膜	0.02mol/L KHCO₃	MEA	10	[16]
CuAu	0.3	60	-0.75	—	0.1mol/L KHCO₃	流动池	90	[28]
V-Cu₂Se	0.2	68	-0.8	—	0.1mol/L KHCO₃	流动池	140	[37]
BaO/Cu	0.4	45	-0.75	阴膜	1mol/L KOH	流动池	20	[39]
F-Cu	1.6	15	-0.9	阴膜	1mol/L KOH	流动池	40	[42]
FeTPP[Cl]/Cu	0.124	41	-0.82	—	1mol/L KHCO₃	流动池	2	[44]
N-C/Cu	0.156	52	-0.68	阴膜	1mol/L KOH	流动池	—	[45]
Ce(OH) _x -Cu	0.128	43	-0.7	阴膜	1mol/L KOH	流动池	6	[49]
CuO _x @C	0.164	45	-1	—	1mol/L KOH	流动池	50	[51]
Ag/Cu₂O	0.32	40	-0.87	阴膜	1mol/L KOH	流动池	6	[52]

References 61

1	International English Agency. Global energy review: CO₂ emissions in 2021[EB/OL]. [2023-11-24]. .
2	Global Monitoring Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories. Monthly average Mauna Loa CO₂ [EB/OL]. [2023-11-24]. .
3	QIAO Jinli, LIU Yuyu, HONG Feng, et al. A review of catalysts for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to produce low-carbon fuels[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2014, 43(2): 631-675.
4	KUHL Kendra P, CAVE Etosha R, ABRAM David N, et al. New insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5(5): 7050-7059.
5	WANG Shunwu, WU Tijun, LIN Jun, et al. Iron-potassium on single-walled carbon nanotubes as efficient catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation to heavy olefins[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2020, 10(11): 6389-6401.
6	KONDRATENKO Evgenii V, Guido MUL, BALTRUSAITIS Jonas, et al. Status and perspectives of CO₂ conversion into fuels and chemicals by catalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic processes[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6(11): 3112-3135.
7	TONG Zhenwei, YANG Dong, LI Zhen, et al. Thylakoid-inspired multishell g-C₃N₄ nanocapsules with enhanced visible-light harvesting and electron transfer properties for high-eﬃciency photocatalysis[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(1): 1103-1112.
8	YANG Zhengyang, WAN Mingyu, GU Zhiyong, et al. CO₂RR-to-CO enhanced by self-assembled monolayer and Ag catalytic interface[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2023, 127(36): 17685-17693.
9	TODOROVA Tanya K, SCHREIBER Moritz W, FONTECAVE Marc. Mechanistic understanding of CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) toward multicarbon products by heterogeneous copper-based catalysts[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2020, 10(3): 1754-1768.
10	LI Yi, CHEN Yanghan, CHEN Tao, et al. Insight into the electrochemical CO₂-to-ethanol conversion catalyzed by Cu₂S nanocrystal-decorated Cu nanosheets[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(15): 18857-18866.
11	ZHAO Tete, LI Jinhan, LIU Jiuding, et al. Tailoring the catalytic microenvironment of Cu₂O with SiO₂ to enhance C₂₊ product selectivity in CO₂ electroreduction[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2023, 13(7): 4444-4453.
12	LAI Wenchuan, QIAO Yan, ZHANG Jiawei, et al. Design strategies for markedly enhancing energy efficiency in the electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2022, 15(9): 3603-3629.
13	OLOMAN Colin, LI Hui. Electrochemical processing of carbon dioxide[J]. ChemSusChem, 2008, 1(5): 385-391.
14	ALBO Jonathan, IRABIEN Angel. Cu₂O-loaded gas diffusion electrodes for the continuous electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to methanol[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2016, 343: 232-239.
15	CHEN Lei, CHEN Jingyi, FAN Lei, et al. Additive-assisted electrodeposition of Cu on gas diffusion electrodes enables selective CO₂ reduction to multicarbon products[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2023, 13(18): 11934-11944.
16	FANG Mingwei, WANG Meiling, WANG Zewen, et al. Hydrophobic, ultrastable Cu ^δ ⁺ for robust CO₂ electroreduction to C₂ products at ampere-current levels[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2023, 145(20): 11323-11332.
17	ZHU Chang, SONG Yanfang, DONG Xiao, et al. Ampere-level CO₂ reduction to multicarbon products over a copper gas penetration electrode[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2022, 15(12): 5391-5404.
18	HUANG Jianan Erick, LI Fengwang, OZDEN Adnan, et al. CO₂ electrolysis to multicarbon products in strong acid[J]. Science, 2021, 372(6546): 1074-1078.
19	张少阳, 商阳阳, 赵瑞花, 等. 电催化还原二氧化碳制一氧化碳催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 1848-1857.
	ZHANG Shaoyang, SHANG Yangyang, ZHAO Ruihua, et al. Research progress on catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 1848-1857.
20	华亚妮, 冯少广, 党欣悦, 等. CO₂ 电催化还原产合成气研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1224-1240.
	HUA Yani, FENG Shaoguang, DANG Xinyue, et al. Research progress of CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction to syngas[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1224-1240.
21	张轩, 黄耀桢, 邵秀丽, 等. 结构化铜基催化剂电化学还原CO₂为多碳产物研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(7): 3736-3746.
	ZHANG Xuan, HUANG Yaozhen, SHAO Xiuli, et al. Recent progress in structured Cu-based catalysts for electrochemical CO₂ reduction to C₂₊ products[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(7): 3736-3746.
22	KORTLEVER Ruud, SHEN Jing, SCHOUTEN Klaas Jan P, et al. Catalysts and reaction pathways for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2015, 6(20): 4073-4082.
23	NIE Xiaowa, ESOPI Monica R, JANIK Michael J, et al. Selectivity of CO₂ reduction on copper electrodes: The role of the kinetics of elementary steps[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2013, 125(9): 2519-2522.
24	YAN Tianxiang, CHEN Xiaoyi, KUMARI Lata, et al. Multiscale CO₂ electrocatalysis to C₂₊ products: Reaction mechanisms, catalyst design, and device fabrication[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2023, 123(17): 10530-10583.
25	KARAPINAR Dilan, CREISSEN Charles E, RIVERA DE LA CRUZ José Guillermo, et al. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction to ethanol with copper-based catalysts[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2021, 6(2): 694-706.
26	SABATIER Paul. Hydrogénations et déshydrogénations par catalyse[J]. Berichte Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 1911, 44(3): 1984-2001.
27	BAGGER Alexander, JU Wen, VARELA Ana Sofia, et al. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction: A classification problem[J]. Chemphyschem, 2017, 18(22): 3266-3273.
28	KUANG Siyu, SU Yaqiong, LI Minglu, et al. Asymmetrical electrohydrogenation of CO₂ to ethanol with copper-gold heterojunctions[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(4): e2214175120.
29	LEI Qiong, ZHU Hui, SONG Kepeng, et al. Investigating the origin of enhanced C₂₊ selectivity in oxide-/hydroxide-derived copper electrodes during CO₂ electroreduction[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020, 142(9): 4213-4222.
30	HORI Yoshio, TAKAHASHI Ichiro, KOGA Osamu, et al. Selective formation of C₂ compounds from electrochemical reduction of CO₂ at a series of copper single crystal electrodes[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002, 106(1): 15-17.
31	NITOPI Stephanie, BERTHEUSSEN Erlend, SCOTT Soren B, et al. Progress and perspectives of electrochemical CO₂ reduction on copper in aqueous electrolyte[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2019, 119(12): 7610-7672.
32	CAI Rongming, SUN Mingzi, YANG Fei, et al. Engineering Cu(‍Ⅰ‍)/Cu(0) interfaces for efficient ethanol production from CO₂ electroreduction[J]. Chem, 2024,10(1): 211-233.
33	GROSSE Philipp, GAO Dunfeng, SCHOLTEN Fabian, et al. Dynamic changes in the structure, chemical state and catalytic selectivity of Cu nanocubes during CO₂ electroreduction: Size and support effects[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2018, 57(21): 6192-6197.
34	LIANG Zhiqin, ZHUANG Taotao, SEIFITOKALDANI Ali, et al. Copper-on-nitride enhances the stable electrosynthesis of multi-carbon products from CO₂ [J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 3828.
35	CHEN Chubai, YU Sunmoon, YANG Yao, et al. Exploration of the bio-analogous asymmetric C-C coupling mechanism in tandem CO₂ electroreduction[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2022, 5: 878-887.
36	YU Jinli, WANG Juan, MA Yangbo, et al. Recent progresses in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction on copper-based catalysts toward multicarbon products[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(37): 2102151.
37	SUN Weipei, WANG Peng, JIANG Yawen, et al. V-doped Cu₂Se hierarchical nanotubes enabling flow-cell CO₂ electroreduction to ethanol with high efficiency and selectivity[J]. Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(50):2207691.
38	Qi Hang LOW, Nicholas Wei Xian LOO, Federico CALLE-VALLEJO, et al. Enhanced electroreduction of carbon dioxide to methanol using zinc dendrites pulse-deposited on silver foam[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 58(8): 2256-2260.
39	XU Aoni, HUNG Sung-Fu, CAO Ang, et al. Copper/alkaline earth metal oxide interfaces for electrochemical CO₂-to-alcohol conversion by selective hydrogenation[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2022, 5: 1081-1088.
40	ZHOU Yansong, CHE Fanglin, LIU Min, et al. Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO₂ reduction to C₂ hydrocarbons[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2018, 10(9): 974-980.
41	ZHUANG Taotao, LIANG Zhiqin, SEIFITOKALDANI Ali, et al. Steering post-C-C coupling selectivity enables high efficiency electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-carbon alcohols[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2018, 1: 421-428.
42	MA Wenchao, XIE Shunji, LIU Tongtong, et al. Electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C-C coupling over fluorine-modified copper[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2020, 3: 478-487.
43	SU Xiaozhi, JIANG Zhuoli, ZHOU Jing, et al. Complementary operando spectroscopy identification of in situ generated metastable charge-asymmetry Cu₂-CuN₃ clusters for CO₂ reduction to ethanol[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 1322.
44	LI Fengwang, LI Yuguang C, WANG Ziyun, et al. Cooperative CO₂-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule-metal catalyst interfaces[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2020, 3: 75-82.
45	WANG Xue , WANG Ziyun, GARCÍA DE ARQUER F Pelayo, et al. Efficient electrically powered CO₂-to-ethanol via suppression of deoxygenation[J]. Nature Energy, 2020, 5: 478-486.
46	REN Dan, DENG Yilin, HANDOKO Albertus Denny, et al. Selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene and ethanol on copper(‍Ⅰ‍) oxide catalysts[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2015, 5(5): 2814-2821.
47	DING Lianchun, ZHU Nannan, HU Yan, et al. Over 70% Faradaic efficiency for CO₂ electroreduction to ethanol enabled by potassium dopant-tuned interaction between copper sites and intermediates[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2022, 134(36): e202209268.
48	CHU Senlin, YAN Xupeng, CHOI Changhyeok, et al. Stabilization of Cu⁺ by tuning a CuO-CeO₂ interface for selective electrochemical CO₂ reduction to ethylene[J]. Green Chemistry, 2020, 22(19): 6540-6546.
49	LUO Mingchuan, WANG Ziyun, LI Yuguang C, et al. Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 5814.
50	JIN Hongqiang, ZHOU Kaixin, ZHANG Ruoxi, et al. Regulating the electronic structure through charge redistribution in dense single-atom catalysts for enhanced alkene epoxidation[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 2494.
51	ZANG Yipeng, LIU Tianfu, WEI Pengfei, et al. Selective CO₂ electroreduction to ethanol over a carbon-coated CuO _x catalyst[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2022, 61(40): e202209629.
52	WANG Pengtang, YANG Hao, TANG Cheng, et al. Boosting electrocatalytic CO₂-to-ethanol production via asymmetric C-C coupling[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 3754.
53	ROMERO CUELLAR N S, SCHERER C, KAÇKAR B, et al. Two-step electrochemical reduction of CO₂ towards multi-carbon products at high current densities[J]. Journal of CO₂ Utilization, 2020, 36: 263-275.
54	BURDYNY Thomas, SMITH Wilson A. CO₂ reduction on gas-diffusion electrodes and why catalytic performance must be assessed at commercially-relevant conditions[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2019, 12(5): 1442-1453.
55	Sandra HERNANDEZ-ALDAVE, ANDREOLI Enrico. Fundamentals of gas diffusion electrodes and electrolysers for carbon dioxide utilisation: Challenges and opportunities[J]. Catalysts, 2020, 10(6): 713.
56	JEON Hyo Sang, KUNZE Sebastian, SCHOLTEN Fabian, et al. Prism-shaped Cu nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO₂ reduction to ethylene[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2018, 8(1): 531-535.
57	YANG Hongzhou, KACZUR Jerry J, SAJJAD Syed Dawar, et al. Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to formic acid utilizing Sustainion™ membranes[J]. Journal of CO₂ Utilization, 2017, 20: 208-217.
58	PARK Jaeman, Hwanyeong OH, Taehun HA, et al. A review of the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Durability and degradation[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 155: 866-880.
59	KANG Jungtak, KIM Junbom. Membrane electrode assembly degradation by dry/wet gas on a PEM fuel cell[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35(23): 13125-13130.
60	WICKS Joshua, Melinda L JUE, BECK Victor A, et al. 3D-printable fluoropolymer gas diffusion layers for CO₂ electroreduction[J]. Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(7): e2003855.
61	DINH Cao-Thang, BURDYNY Thomas, KIBRIA Md Golam, et al. CO₂ electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface[J]. Science, 2018, 360(6390): 783-787.

[1]	YU Mengjie, WU Yutong, LUO Faxiang, DOU Yibo. Research progress on structural design of photocatalysts for diluted carbon dioxide reduction [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 335-350.
[2]	ZHOU Yu, XIA Taiyang, WEI Qi, TANG Tian, TIAN Lei. Optimization of micro-channel coupled reverse osmosis membrane series treatment of methanol to olefin wastewater [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 43-51.
[3]	CHEN Gaoxiang, WANG Rongchang, JIANG Jiacheng. Mechanism of cathodic electron transfer and hydrogen–mediated enhanced measures in microbial electrosynthesis system [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 504-516.
[4]	WANG Bowei, ZHENG Mingzhen, WANG Lemeng, FU Dong, WANG Shan, ZHU Shengjun, ZHAO Kun, ZHANG Pan. Preparation of NaOH for CO₂ capture by electrolysis of Na₂SO₄ [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 604-614.
[5]	ZHANG Wei, SONG Quanbin, ZHOU Yunhe, DONG Mengyao, LI Jie, WU Qiao, FU Yehao, LIANG Yaocheng, YIN Yanshan, CHENG Shan, SONG Jian. Selectivity of ion conductive membranes in all-vanadium flow battery [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4859-4870.
[6]	LIAO Xu, ZHOU Jun, LUO Jie, ZENG Ruilin, WANG Zeyu, LI Zunhua, LIN Jinqing. Research progress on CO₂ cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by porous ionic polymers [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4925-4940.
[7]	GENG Xiumei, ZHANG Feng, ZHANG Xiang, SHAN Meixia, ZHANG Yatao. Research progress on the stability of Pebax-based mixed matrix membranes for CO₂separation [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4996-5012.
[8]	MA Hongzhou, DANG Yubo, WANG Yaoning, ZENG Jinyang, ZHAO Xiaojun, SHI Jianwei. Zinc-based desulfurizer scrap and copper-zinc-based catalyst synergistic vacuum carbothermal extraction of zinc [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 5275-5281.
[9]	ZHANG Zheng, LIU Lin, LI Zichen, WANG Mengqi, HUANG Chunyan, GE Yuanyuan. Preparation of copper-loaded geopolymer microspheres and their catalytic degradation of bisphenol S [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 5290-5301.
[10]	LONG Tao, ZHOU Feng, ZHANG Wei, WU Hong, WANG Jian, CHEN Lin. Synthesis and modification of deuterated methanol catalyst used in CO-CO₂ system [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(8): 4411-4420.
[11]	GUO Peng, LI Hongwei, LI Guixian, JI Dong, WANG Dongliang, ZHAO Xinhong. Mechanisms and coping strategies on deactivation of anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3812-3823.
[12]	LUO Congjia, DOU Yibo, WEI Min. Research progress on structural regulation of layered double hydroxides for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3891-3909.
[13]	HUANG Jun, ZHANG Yingjuan, LIN Yintong, WEI Xuechun, WU Yutong, WU Gaobo, MO Junlin, ZHAO Zhenxia, ZHAO Zhongxing. Preparation of silkworm excrement-based porous biocarbon and synergistic adsorption and slow-release performance for monosultap and dinotefuran [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3964-3971.
[14]	WANG Juan, BIAN Chunlin, CHEN Xiangyu, WANG Ying, WANG Xindong, ZUO Yanxin, XIAO Benyi. Research advances of microaerobic anaerobic digestion [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 4005-4014.
[15]	YAN Zhe, LIU Chang, WANG Fengxu, ZHOU Hongwang, LIU Xi, ZHAO Xuebing. Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ coupled with oxidative conversion of biomass [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(6): 3310-3321.

Recent advances in copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to ethanol

铜基催化剂电催化还原CO₂制乙醇最新研究进展

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 61

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles 0

Metrics

Comments