Abstract: Alkyl polyglycosides ( APGs ) with different carbon chains from C₁₀ to C₁₄ were synthesized and characterized with infrared spectroscopy. The influence of APG concentration and carbon chain length on the surface and interfacial properties were both studied. The results showed that the surface tension and diesel-water interfacial tension were gradually decreased with increasing the concentration of APG, while the capacity of foaming, foam stabiling and emulsifying were enhanced. On the other hand, with increasing carbon chain length, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) value of APG, surface tension, and diesel-water interfacial tension were decreased, while the capacity of foaming, foam stabiling and emulsifying were enhanced on the contrary. Because of their good surface and interfacial properties, APGs were applied to prepare emulsion as emulsifier. This work showed that the capacity of emulsifying was enhanced with increasing APGs concentration and carbon chain length. Furthermore, the micromorphology measurements demonstrated that the stability, droplets uniformity and fillibility of the emulsion stabilized by different APGs were superior to that stabilized by OP-10. Finally, this work showed that the stabilization time had little effect on the micromorphology of emulsion and C₁₄APG was the most optimal surfactant among all the APGs studied.

Key words: alkyl glycoside, surface tension, interfacial tension, foam, emulsions

摘要： 采用直接法合成了碳链长度为C₁₀～C₁₄的烷基糖苷(APG), 用红外光谱对产品结构进行了表征, 研究了烷基糖苷浓度及碳链长度对产品表、界面性质的影响。结果表明:随烷基糖苷浓度增大, 水溶液表面张力、柴油-水界面张力降逐渐降低, 而起泡性、泡沫稳定性逐渐增强。烷基糖苷碳链越长, 临界胶束浓度(cmc)值越低;水溶液表面张力、柴油-水界面张力越低, 起泡性、泡沫稳定性越强。基于烷基糖苷良好的表、界面性质, 将其作为乳化剂制备成乳液, 并与常见非离子表面活性剂OP-10制备的乳液进行了对比。烷基糖苷乳化性随浓度增大、碳链长度增长而增强;乳液微观形态表明不同碳链烷基糖苷形成乳状液稳定性、液滴均一性、填充性均优于OP-10稳定的乳液;稳定时间对乳液微观形态影响不大。所合成烷基糖苷中性能最优的为C₁₄APG。

关键词: 烷基糖苷, 表面张力, 界面张力, 泡沫, 乳液