Research on the development of phthalate-free dioldiester catalysts for propylene polymerization was reviewed. Performance and application of these catalysts with dioldiester as internal donors were included. Property of polymer produced in various polymerization processes by dioldiester catalyst was compared with that by phthalate catalyst. Effects of different substitutes in dioldiester on the performance of catalysts were discussed. Catalysts with bulky substitute of the internal donor showed high activity and high stereospecificity in the polymerization of propylene. Different hydrogen response was found in catalyst with various substitute of dioldiester. Polymer produced by dioldiester catalysts also showed high mechanical properties. The catalyst is more challenging and will be widely used in the future.

Hydrate slurry technology, as a new way for inhibiting hydrate plug and oil-gas-water multiphase flow assurance, has drawn much attention for oil/gas production and transportation department. Therefore, this paper systematically overviews the progress on flow characteristics and rheological properties of hydrate slurry in which common experimental apparatus, morphological evolvement of hydrate slurry, the variation of flow parameters, and hydrate slurry rheology are analyzed. A couple of experiment setups are introduced, including high-pressure rheometer, high-pressure viscometer and hydrate flow loop, in which the pros and cons of hydrate loop is specially introduced. Through observation, the difference of morphological evolvement between hydrate slurry in aqueous phase and natural gas hydrate slurry in oil/gas system is presented. The variation of flow parameters during the formation of hydrate slurry, such as flow rate and pressure drop, is systematically studied. In addition, the experimental and theoretical researches on hydrate slurry rheology are also investigated in this paper. Finally, this paper proposes the existing problems, the research direction and technical route of hydrate slurry.

A new type of helical-flow airlift loop reactor (HALR) has been developed to strengthen flow, mixing and mass transfer performance in the annulus airlift loop reactor (AALR).The local gas holdups in riser of the 8.8 liters HALR as superficial gas velocities, the bottom gap —— the distance between the lower end of the draft tube and the bottom of reactor, the height of the reactor, and solid loading were experimentally studied and were compared with the ones in AALR for the system of air - water and air - water -K resin, within the superficial gas velocity of 0.47—2.31cm/s. The results show that for air - water system, at the lower superficial gas velocities, swirling sheets made the rising bubbles coalescence ; at higher superficial gas velocities, the bubbles were mainly broken by the swirl sheets. Axial gas holdup was increased as the increasing of axial height, the increasing amounts of axial gas holdup increases with the increasing of superficial gas velocity. For the system of air - water -K resin, the gas holdup increases with the increasing of the amounts of solids loading in the higher gas velocity, when the superficial gas velocity is small, gas holdup for the system of air-water is slightly higher than the ones for the system of three-phase. The prediction model of the axial gas holdup in riser has been proposed based on the experimental results,, there is a good agreement between calculated and experimental data and the average relative error of 12%.

Phase Doppler Anemometry(PDA) was used to measure the instantaneous velocity of flow field in dual nozzle opposed impinging stream mixer. Based on the turbulence theory and chaos characteristic, the velocity field was analyzed in mixer and the change of turbulence characteristic parameters(velocity root mean square, turbulence intensity and turbulence kinetic energy) and chaotic characteristic parameters(correlation dimension, Kolmogorov entropy and the largest Lyapunov exponent) were studied by changing nozzle distance and various inlet Re number in order to achieve optimal conditions of microcosmic mixture. The flow field in SISM was chaotic and fractal. The chaos characteristic parameters and turbulence parameters presented positive correlation with Re number, but these parameters all increased and then decreased with the increasing nozzle distance. The proper nozzle distance L=3d beneficial to the microcosmic mixture was obtained based on the correlation.

Dehumidification capacity and dehumidification coefficient of performance are employed to evaluate the performances of desiccant wheels in this paper by experimental comparison of distribution of operating parameters, such as process air inlet temperature and relative humidity, process air speed, regeneration air speed, and regeneration air inlet temperature. The results showed that at high inlet temperature of process air, dehumidification performance of PPS/PPM 50% wheel was the best compared with PPS silica gel wheel and PPM molecular sieve wheel;PPS silica gel wheel was more suitable for environmental conditions of relatively high humidity;the increase of process air flow rate was helpful to improve the performance of PPM molecular sieve wheel;when regeneration temperature increased from 60℃ to 80℃, dehumidification coefficient of performance and dehumidification capacity of three desiccant wheels almost doubled.

The increasingly strict environmental regulations result in higher and higher standard in motor vehicle exhaust emission. The exhaust emission is closely related to vapor pressure and distillation range distribution of gasoline. In addition, the vapor pressure and distillation range distribution also influence the startup performance, acceleration and carbon deposition in cylinder. The paper sketched the requirements on vapor pressure and distillation range distribution in order to suffice environmental regulations and ensure driving performance. It also briefly introduced some gasoline modification methods for the evaporation of gasoline, and some blending components in present gasoline pool. The paper compared those blending component properties in evaporation, and discussed their influence on the evaporation of gasoline. The analysis result indicated that the evaporation of gasoline can be improved by changing process conditions in FCC, which was the most economically feasible way to do that. And alkylate oil is the best blending component to improve the evaporation of gasoline.

The effect of pH on stability of crude oil emulsions was studied. The aggregation and spreading behaviors of resins and asphaltenes on oil-water interface were measured. In addition, the interfacial tension (IFT) and conductivity of model emulsions stabilized by the resin and asphaltene respectively were measured under different pH values. The results indicate that the asphaltenes are easier to aggregate and spread to form high viscoelasticity film than resins. When pH in the acidic range or in the basic range, the IFT both decreases, which enhances the stability and demulsification difficulty of emulsions, and the demulsification experiments are in agreement with it. It has a remarkable change in the stability of resin-stabilized and asphaltene-stabilized emulsions, respectively. When the pH increases from 2 to 10, and their change trends are opposite, pH 2 to 10, the stability of resin-stabilized emulsion increased, the oil-water separation speed slower, the stability of asphaltene-stabilized emulsions decreases, change of the conductivity:0.21—1.8mS/cm. Therefore, when pH < 7, asphaltenes film is strongest, resins film is weakest, the electric dehydrator works normally during the electric dehydration process; however, the results are opposite when pH > 7, all of these demonstrate that the short circuit has a relationship with the change of stability of asphaltenes and resins.

The article summarizes the research progress and development of carriers in the system of oxidative desulfurization with solid catalyst H₂O₂. Advantages, disadvantages and application results are discussed from following four aspects:single oxide carrier, mixed oxide carrier, activated carbon carrier, molecular sieve and composite molecular sieve carrier. As single carriers, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, SiO₂ and ZrO₂ are emphatically introduced; and binary compound oxides are specially introduced in mixed oxide carriers. The molecular sieve and composite molecular sieve carrier represented by ZSM-5, SBA-15, MCM-41 and HMS are also introduced emphatically. Finally, we give an induction and summarization on structural characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in the reaction of different carriers. The research tendency of oxidative desulfurization carrier is prospected, meanwhile, molecular sieve and composite molecular sieve carrier are proposed as the key research focuses of catalyst carriers for oxidative desulfurization in the future.

Low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has the advantage of low energy consumption and operating cost. However, the poor SO₂ resistance of catalysts hampers its industrial application. Mn-Ce catalysts were studied by many researchers due to their relatively better SO₂ resistance. This paper introduces the deactivation mechanisms of Mn-Ce catalysts. In addition, based on support selection, methods of catalyst preparation, modification of metallic element and quantum chemistry application in this field, the development of SO₂ resistance of Mn-Ce catalysts are discussed. Among them, the rapid development of quantum chemistry is helpful to the research of SO₂ resistance and may become a main research area in this field in the future. Moreover, it may provide a reference for future research to improve the performance of catalysts.

Ethanol was synthesized by using methyl acetate as raw material, and copper-based catalyst (Cu-Zn-Al) was utilized in the hydrogenation process, products were analyzed qualitatively, quantitatively via gas chromatograph. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, the liquid hourly space velocity(LHSV) of methyl acetate, the molar ratio of hydrogen and methyl acetate and other factors on the conversion rate of feed methyl acetate and the selectivity of target product of ethanol were investigated respectively. The experimental results indicate that the optimal operating parameters are temperature of 240℃, pressure of 8MPa, LHSV of 1h^-1, ratio of hydrogen and methyl acetate of 9:1. Under the optimal condition, the conversion rate of methyl acetate is 95.5%, the selectivity of product ethanol is 94.6%. The equilibrium composition of liquid product is that methanol 38.12%, ethanol 59.52%, methyl acetate 0.86%, and ethyl acetate 1.29%. As is shown by data that Cu-Zn-Al catalyst possesses high activity on carbonyl hydrogenation and good selectivity for ethanol, moreover it can inhibit the production of ethyl acetate.

The ex-situ presulfidation for a Co-Mo-Ni/Al₂O₃ hydrogenation catalyst was investigated with sulphur in a batch reactor, the effects of different factors, such as the ratio of S and H₂, the dosage of S, initial and final presulfidation temperatures and their constant time, were studied, while sulfidity was used as evaluating index, and catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, and BET. Suitable reaction condition was obtained as:Sulphur was 1.2 times of theoretical value, the proportion of S and H₂ was 1:3, together with 3h of reaction at 160℃ and 2h of final reaction at 320℃. After presulfidation, the hydrogenation activity of presulfided catalyst was measured by industrial feed hydroreaction in microreactor. The results indicated that this technology is feasible and the activity of catalyst, which was presulfided with sulphur in a batch reactor, is better than that of in-situ process.

The TiO₂-Al₂O₃ complex support was prepared by the sol-gel method. A nickel phosphide catalyst, Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ with citric acid (CA) as chelating agent, was prepared by impregnation method using citric acid (CA) as complexing agent. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N₂-adsorption specific surface area measurements (BET). The catalytic performance of Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ was investigated by hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The effects of different, immersion sequences, Ni/P molar ratios and Ni₂P loadings on catalytic activity were studied. The results showed that, when the Ni/P molar ratio was less than 1:1, the single Ni₂P phase can be obtained. However, Ni₃P phase can be observed with the Ni/P molar ratio of 2:1. The Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ prepared by co-impregnation method with Ni/P molar ratio of 1:1, a loading of 30% exhibits the optimized catalytic performance. When reaction temperature was 360℃, pressure was 3.0MPa, and hydrogen/oil ratio was 500, and liquid hourly space velocity was 2.0h^-1, the conversion of dibenzothiophene HDS was 99.5%.

Ag-TiO₂/CNTs nanopartical composites were synthesized by sol-gel method, and then obtained samples were thermally treated at 450℃. The crystal morphology and the micro-surface structures were characterized by XRD, SEM and low temperature N₂ adsorption-desorption. Absorbency of composites was analyzed by UV-vis diffuse reflection spectra. Under artificial UV-light irradiation, the degradation of methylorange was used to evaluate the photo-catalytic activity of Ag-TiO₂/CNTs nanopartical composites. E.coli and bacillus subtilis were used to characterize antiseptic property by bacteriostatic circle method. The result showed that the photocatalytic activity of Ag-TiO₂/CNTs nanopartical composites was higher than that of pure TiO₂, and Ag-TiO₂/CNTs nanoparticles with 1% (mass fraction) CNTs showed the best photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate is 76.5% exposuring to ultraviolet light about 150min. Ag-TiO₂/CNTs nanopartical had much better antiseptic property than TiO₂nanopartical, Ag nanoparticles, CNTs (purified), and Ag-TiO₂/CNTs nanopartical with10% (mass fraction) CNTs showed the best antiseptic property among samples. The largest diameter of inhibition zone is 25.8mm.

Pd nanowire arrays were prepared by electro-deposition method using anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) template, and Pt nanoparticles were deposited on the Pd nanowire array to prepare Pd nanowires/Pt nanoparticles (PdNWs/PtNPs) composite electrode. The morphology of PdNWs/PtNPs was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the component of PdNWs/PtNPs was collected in an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The electro catalytic activity in oxygen reduction at PdNWs/PtNPs composite was measured by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The results revealed that PdNWs/PtNPs composite exhibits better electro catalytic activity in oxygen reduction than pure PdNWs or PtNPs, in which, the peak oxygen reduction current of PdNWs/PtNPs is 8.1 times higher than that of pure PtNPs, and 2.1 times higher than that of pure PdNWs respectively. Moreover, the reduction potential positively shifts 140mV in PdNWs/PtNPs.

Carbothermal reduction of SO₂ to prepare elemental sulfur is a green and sustainable desulfurization technique. In this work, the research progress of this technique was reviewed. The mechanism and the kinetics of the reaction between carbon and SO₂ were introduced. The influence factors were also discussed in terms of C/SO₂ molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction atmosphere, form of carbon, and mineral substance. The optimum condition to gain high SO₂ conversation and sulfur yield was obtained, and this work concluded that the reaction between carbon and SO₂ under microwave radiation has remarkable advantage. Therefore, the studies on the exploration of the reaction mechanism and the trends of the products generated are significantly important to the application of this technique.

The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma has shown a good application prospect in material surface modification due to its high efficiency, low-cost and easy operation, etc. Carbon based materials have been widely applied in many fields because of their many excellent physical and chemical properties. Carbon based materials show better physical and chemical properties after modified by DBD plasma. This review mainly summarized the research status of DBD modification of carbon based materials. The impacts of DBD modification on the introduction of active groups, interface binding energy of carbon based materials, adsorption performance, physical structure and dispersion of load components are included. Some defects of DBD modification that need to be improved and further researched are put forward.

Responsive photonic crystals are dielectric materials which are periodic arrangement of different mediums, among which magnetically responsive photonic crystals (MRPCs) are developing fast in recent years because of their rapid response to the change of external magnetic field and transform into optical signal. This paper presented the research progress in MRPCs. Firstly, the principle of photonic band gap produced by MRPCs under the effect of external magnetic field is described on the basis of Bragg's law. Secondly, different synthetic pathways for fast MRPCs are concluded. On the basis of rapid responsive MRPCs, this paper conducted a comprehensive analysis in various aspects, such as the stabilizing effect, controlling and influencing the shape size and band gap distribution. Finally, it also discussed potential applications of MRPCs in sensors, security, color printing and other areas.

Polymerizable ionic liquids (ILs) with unsaturated carbon double bond on anions or cations become functional monomers which can be polymerized or co-polymerized to form macromolecular materials. This review described the research progress of polymerizable ionic liquids-based stimuli-sensitive polymer, macromolecular dispersant, electricity conductive polymer, liquids absorbent polymer, gas adsorption polymer, macromolecular catalyst, novel carbon materials, porous polymer, biomedical materials, chromatographic stationary phasematerials and microwave-absorbent materials, and the comprehensive applications of polymerizable ionic liquids-based polymer were prospected as the result of design ability and ionization property of functional monomers.

When microencapsulated phase change materials (MicroPCM) slurry is used as heat transfer fluid, the slurry has smaller temperature difference of heat transfer, higher heat carrier density, shorter heat storage/release time than common heat transfer fluid. However, during research and practical application, MicroPCM particles may be severely deformed, sunk or even damaged after a certain number of pumping cycles, which further causes PCM leakage, coalescence, sticky wall, clogging pipes and other consequences, and thus, leads to a significant deterioration in slurry performance. To make this slurry have more stable performance and longer cycle life, some experimental and theoretical researches, on both the mechanical properties of MicroPCM themselves and their circulation flow stability in slurry, are carried out at home and abroad. In this paper, related research progresses are reviewed. It is believed that the mechanical properties of MicroPCM themselves and the pumping effects are the intrinsic and external factors of circulation flow stability respectively. This paper also summarizes problems that exist in both aspects and puts forward that relevant researches should be implemented to develop standardized testing and characterization methods, to expand the scope of research object, to take full advantage of numerical simulation technology.

This paper reviewed the research progress in Cu species characterization and analysis about CuY, and focused recent progress in micro-structure analysis of CuY by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), in situ infrared spectroscopy (CO-IR and NO-IR), and electron spin resonance (ESR). The paper also reviewed that the CuY preparation has effect on the location of copper species and the performance of CuY, and pointed out that accurate and informed information about present state, valence state, location, content can be obtained by synthetically employing all above characterization methods. The future development could be focused on the preparation of CuY with optimum performance by choosing appropriate method to regulate and control present state, valence state, and the location of copper species.

Organic conjugated molecule composed of central butoxybenzoselenadiazole (BseDZ) units as electron acceptor and thiophene groups as electron donors was prepared via the Stille coupling reaction. Structure and photoelectric properties of molecule were investigated. The test results of ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR were consistent with the theory. UV-vis spectroscopy showed that molecule had broad absorption spectrum (237—464nm) and its fluorescence spectra exhibited strong emission peaks in red light regions either in acetonitrile solution or in PMMA films, which illustrated that target molecule was ideal red light emission materials. The conjugated molecule(2.26eV to 2.33eV) belonged to narrow band gap and exhibited stable redox curve by cyclic voltammetry. The above conclusion suggested that it had a potential application in photoelectric material fields.

Regeneration of spent activated carbon for the refinement of injection by microwave heating was mainly studied using response surface methodology for optimal design and analysis. The effects of three regeneration variables, including regeneration temperature, regeneration time and material thickness, on the adsorption properties and yield of activated carbon were investigated with the analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant factors on each experimental design response were identified．The optimal condition has been identified to be the regeneration temperature of 700℃, regeneration time of 18 min and material thickness of 20mm. Under above condition, methylene blue adsorption value and yield of activated carbon are 187.5 mg/g and 65.20%, respectively. Furthermore, the BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of regenerated activated carbon are 962m²/g, 1.02mL/g and 4.27nm respectively.

In order to overcome the drawbacks of poor mechanical strength and too fast degradation of chitosan films, poly(lactic acid-co- malic acid) (PML) was prepared by an "one-step" method, and the carboxyl content and hydrophobicity of the copolymers could be adjusted by changing the molar ratio in feed. The copolymers were added to chitosan for complexation in aqueous solutions, and the modified complex films were prepared via a casting/solvent evaporation technique. The composite films were characterized by FT-IR and TGA, and their mechanical properties, degradation and vitro cytotoxicity were investigated. The influence of molar ratio between MA and LA in feed on the structure and properties of the films were studied. The results showed that in the molar ratio of n_MA:n_LA= 1:1.5, the tensile strength of the film is 54.8MPa, breaking elongation is 10.7%, mass loss is 50% after 28 days and the 3T3 cell viability profiles are 98.7%. It is concluded that the composite film can be formed by polyelectrolyte interaction between chitosan and PML. The flexibility of the composite film is improved and degradation time is extended compared to pure chitosan film. The film properties can be adjusted by changing components in the copolymers. The composite films are non-cytotoxic, biocompatible, and have potential applications as tissue adhesion prevention materials.

This paper described the preparation of xanthation chitosan (XCTS) by the conventional and ultrasonic methods. The elemental analysis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TG were adopted to characterize the structure of the products. In addition, the effects of material ratio, ultrasonic power, reaction temperature, reaction time and alkali concentration on the prepared XCTS were studied. The results showed that ultrasonic method could significantly speed up the preparation process and increase its production, as well as increasing the sulfur content of products. The optimum conditions for preparation were as follows:the mass ratio of chitosan to carbon disulfide was 1:2; the ultrasonic power was 150W; the ultrasonic time was 60min, and NaOH solution was of 15%.

MP, PEPA were composed to be intumescent flame retardant (IFR), then three natural polymers, lignin, chitosan and sodium alginate, were selected to substitute for part of PEPA, the flame-retardant composites based on P(3,4)HB were prepared by means of melt blending. The thermal property, combustion performance, flame retardant and residue morphology were investigated by TGA, MCC, UL-94, LOI and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the composite contained lignin formed a compact and continuous char layer after burning and can reach UL-94 V-0 level. However, the addition of chitosan and sodium alginate made the char layer porous and loose and the composites can only reach V-2 level.

The biological and edible package film was prepared using methylcellulose as substrate, by adding PEG-400, supplemented with CaCl₂ and other materials, utilizing methylcellulose molecular structure characteristics and the performance of the other additive substance structure-activity relationship. Response surface analysis test with three factors and three levels was designed according to Box-Benhnken center composite design principle using methylcellulose, PEG-400 and CaCl₂ as test factors and tensile strength of the packaging film as response index on single factor experiment basis. The interaction between factors was discussed, and the optimum technical formula for methylcellulose packaging film was obtained. Furthermore, the Yingzui peach fresh-keeping effect using the resulted film was studied through regular of vitamin C, sugar content, acidity value of the three fresh degree index, and the Yingzui peach sensory score based. The results showed that the methylcellulose packaging film can effectively isolate invasion pathways of external factor, exchang the respiratory gases within foods with the outside world in time, and delay the food composition of chemical change, and thus the Yingzui peach can extend the shelf life for 4.5 days.

A bacterial consortium capable of decoloring Direct Red 28 effectively was screened from a well-running textile printing wastewater biological treatment system, through the method of domestication with gradient concentrations. The bacterial consortium RR had the ability to decolorize Direct Red 28 (at 35℃, pH 7.0, initial dye concentration 200mg/L ) with the decolorization rate being 96.16% in 48h. The optimum pH, temperature, and NaCl concentration for the degradation of Direct Red 28 are 7.0, 45℃, and 2mmol/L, respectively. To screen the bacterial consortium RM which fed on Direct Red 28 was to ensure the bacterial consortium to adapt the inorganic conditions. The bacterial consortium RM degrading Direct Red 28 showed the decolorization efficiency of 20.05% (at 35℃, pH 7.0, initial dye concentration 50mg/L ).Through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) to analyze the composition of microbial communities of the flora RR and RM. DGGE result showed that the dominant groups in the flora RR were Burkholderia bacteria, Streptococcus bacteria and Klebsiella bacteria and the dominant groups in the flora RM was Burkholderia bacteria. The results showed that the Burkholderia bacteria could survive in the inorganic environment and had the ability to degrade the Direct Red 28.

A novel derivative, chitosan biguanide hydrochloride (CGH), was synthesized by using chitosan (CTS) and dicyandiamide in a simple nucleophilic addition process at a certain temperature. Then, the complex compound (CGH-I₂) was obtained by immersing CGH in iodine ethanol solution with different concentrations. The properties of CGH were characterized by means of IR, XRD, TG and DTG. The analysis of iodine content shows that the maximum mass ratio of CGH complex with iodine was m (CGH):m (I₂) =1:0. 46 when the concentration of iodine ethanol solution was 0.02mol/L. The antimicrobial test results show that the antibacterial diameters of the CGH-I₂ against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were (18±1)mm and (21±1)mm respectively, with a high sensitivity of bacteriostasis.

With the rapid consumption of fossil resources, the global energy crisis has caused serious concern. In the utilization of plant resources, the exploitation of downstream products, during which castor oil used as raw materials, has become to be a hot research area. The preparation methods, performance as well as the application fields of castor oil-based downstream products were introduced in this work. The preparation and properties of some castor oil-based downstream products, such as dehydrated castor oil, transesterification of castor oil, exploitation of castor oil, polyurethane of castor oil and so on, were reviewed. The types and application areas of castor oil-based plasticizers were sketched and the preparation methods and the properties of epoxidized methyl acetorieinoleate were analyzed. The problems of the effects of the reaction temperature and the dosage of catalyst on the stability of epoxy group in the production process of the castor oil-based plasticizer were discussed, and the developing trends in the field of castor oil-based plasticizers were proposed.

Taking 2-chrolobenzyl chrolide as the raw material, Prothioconazole was normally obtained via Grignard reaction, condensation and vulcanization reaction. However, this reported synthesis process was difficult to be applied industrially due to the low yield of Grignard reagent and huge amount of coupling byproduct formed. Chloro-cyclopropyl(benzyl)methanone, the product of condensation reaction of acid and ester, was taken as the key intermediate to synthesis prothioconazole in this work. Under the optimal reaction condition, 2-chlorophenylaceticacid and methyl 1-chrolocyclopropanecarboxylate were taken as the reactants, tetrahydrofuran as the solvent, the product ketone was obtained in the presence of the Grignard reagent i-PrMgCl. The content of the product was 98.2% after distillation and the yield was 83%. The synthesis process is suitable for industrial application with the advantages of high yield and easy to operate under mild operation condition.

Lanthanum ricinoleate was obtained by the reaction of lanthanum nitrate and ricinoleic acid, and used as a catalyst on the preparation of water-blown integral skin polyurethane foams (ISFs). The effect of lanthanum ricinoleate on the performance of water-blown integral skin polyurethane foams was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, biomicroscope and electronic universal testing machine. The results indicated that lanthanum ricinoleate could change the foam structure, reduce the foamrelease time, improve the foam strength and surface hardness of the bubbles. The foam showed ideal cell structure with the addition of 0.3 pbw and 0.6 pbw lanthanum ricinoleate.

Alkyl polyglycosides ( APGs ) with different carbon chains from C₁₀ to C₁₄ were synthesized and characterized with infrared spectroscopy. The influence of APG concentration and carbon chain length on the surface and interfacial properties were both studied. The results showed that the surface tension and diesel-water interfacial tension were gradually decreased with increasing the concentration of APG, while the capacity of foaming, foam stabiling and emulsifying were enhanced. On the other hand, with increasing carbon chain length, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) value of APG, surface tension, and diesel-water interfacial tension were decreased, while the capacity of foaming, foam stabiling and emulsifying were enhanced on the contrary. Because of their good surface and interfacial properties, APGs were applied to prepare emulsion as emulsifier. This work showed that the capacity of emulsifying was enhanced with increasing APGs concentration and carbon chain length. Furthermore, the micromorphology measurements demonstrated that the stability, droplets uniformity and fillibility of the emulsion stabilized by different APGs were superior to that stabilized by OP-10. Finally, this work showed that the stabilization time had little effect on the micromorphology of emulsion and C₁₄APG was the most optimal surfactant among all the APGs studied.

This paper discussed four types of organic pollutants, including organic pollutants from raw water, additives and degradation products from pipe leaching, pipe scales releasing or metabolic products from biofilm and microorganism in water, and disinfection by-products. Most current studies focused on disinfection by-products because of their high concentrations, and various organic pollutants from pipe leaching obtained a lot of research attention as well, while organic pollutants from pipe scales releasing or metabolic products from biofilm and microorganism in water were not studies enough due to the low concentration, migration, great variety and difficulties in sampling. This paper pointed out that future research should focus on investigating the identification of high toxic trace organic pollutants, the release performances of different pollutants and the qualitative or quantitative research of degradation products, and the migration and transformation of these organic pollutants.

This article described the traditional methods of separation and enrichment for indium, including precipitation, ion exchange process, solvent extraction, etc, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the development trend in future research. The article focused on the analysis of liquid membrane method, levextrel resin method, chelating resin method, solvent microencapsule method, flotation, nanotechnology and other new technologies. The indium can be effectively separated under proper conditions. More study is needed to improve stability of separation materials, separation mechanism and mass transfer mathematical models, in order to develop techniques for waste water containing indium(Ⅲ) with low energy consumption and low cost .

The origin, properties and composition of coal tar residue(CTR)are introduced. CTR poses serious threats to the environment. Coal tar residue treatment technology mainly includes oil recovery and resource utilization. The research progress of CTR treatment technology is reviewed. Treatment methods of coal tar residue are compared and summed up. No single specific process can be considered as the best, since each method is associated with advantages and limitations. Centrifugation treatment should work with other methods to achieve more efficient separation. Coal blending and use as fuel can not be fully utilized. Ionic liquids as green solvents will become a research hot spot in the field of separation. Preparation of high value added chemicals from CTR by modification and treatment has attracted more attention. More effective treatment performance might be achieved by integrating different methods into a process train. Comprehensive examination of CTR treatment methods will provide good understanding of recent developments and future research directions.

The principle, forms and features of biological aerated filter as well as the influencing factors of filter media, influent quality, hydraulic loading, air-water ratio and backwashing were summarized in this review. The recent research progress of biological aerated filter on the removal of various pollutants was discussed. The advantages of this process in removing SS, organic matter, ammonia and nitrogen of wastewater were described, and the disadvantages of traditional process in practical application were pointed out. This paper also introduced optimal design in structure, aeration form and operation mode of the internal circulation biological aerated filter, which could significantly reduce the nitrification performance inhibition at high organic loading. In addition, application in treatment of high concentration sewage was prospected based on introducing the advantages and research status.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration in deep coal seams with enhanced coal-bed methane (CH₄) recovery (CO₂-ECBM) can store the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas (CO₂) in geological time. In consideration of the properties of both CO₂ and coal, swelling effect induced by CO₂ will occur during the sequestration process. The swelling effect can show negative effect on CO₂ sequestration in coal seams. Therefore, the recent research progress in coal swelling during sequestration process has been summarized. The effects of fluid on coal swelling were concluded, and the influences of coal swelling on sequestration process were analyzed. The analytical methods for coal swelling were provided and the future trends of coal matrix swelling during CO₂ sequestration in deep coal seams were also pointed out. The results indicate that coal swelling is related to fluid type, pressure, temperature and degree of coalification. Coal matrix swelling can decrease the permeability in coal seams and further affect fluid transport within the reservoir. Swelling can also change the CO₂ sequestration capability, thus establishment of coal adsorption model incorporation the swelling effect is of importance. Furthermore, there are still disagreements on the mechanism and reversibility of coal matrix swelling and the investigations on the coal physico-chemical structure will be helpful to address the above-mentioned problems.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) was the necessary technology for power plant denitrification. SCR catalyst was the core technical section, whose service life is about 3 years. It can be predicted that the deactivated catalyst faced a disposal problem because of the rapid increase in next several years. This article explored the recovery of titanium oxides from SCR deNO_x process from the perspective of recovery utilization. TiO₂ was obtained after the pickling and calcination of Na₂TiO₃, which was from the co-calcination of Na₂CO₃, and catalysts were deactivated at 750℃. MgSiO₃, NH₄VO₃ and CaMoO₄ were obtained by adjusting pH from 8 to 9, adding NH₄Cl and adding CaCl₂, respectively. Recovery products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). At optimized condition, the purity of the obtained product was higher than 93%.

This research characterized calcined acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing (CAAT) using XRD and FT-IR, and investigated the adsorption behaviors of methylene blue(MB) on AAT. Batch experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of the solid amount, contact time, pH, temperature and ionic strength on the adsorption of MB. The results indicated that the adsorption of MB strongly depended on pH, ionic strength and temperature. At pH<4.5, the adsorption capacity increased with the increasing of pH; at pH≥4.5, the adsorption capacity was not affected by the increasing pH. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing ionic strength. The thermodynamic calculations indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption of MB on the acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing was consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model.

The current microwave pretreatment of waste activated sludge is limited to sludge hydrolysis ratio and the effect to anaerobic digestion, soluble COD is often used to evaluate pretreatment effect, and volatile fatty acids recovery from sludge is rarely reported. In order to determine the optimal process conditions of volatile fatty acids recovery from waste activated sludge using microwave pretreatment process, the factors and their levels were established by single factor experiment first, and response surface methodology of four factors and three levels was used based on the center combination design. The four factors included heating temperature, heating time, dosage of H₂O₂, and dosage of acetic acid. The optimal process conditions were as follows:microwave heating temperature of 180℃, microwave heating time of 21min, H₂O₂ dosage of 0.18g/(gSS), acetic acid dosage of 49mg/(gSS). Under these conditions, the maximum predicted acetic acid concentration was 581mg/L, the relative deviation was 0.033—0.074 between the predicted values and the experimental values. The results showed that this method could effectively improve volatile fatty acids recovery from sludge, the predicted values were in accordance with the experimental values, and this method could provide theoretical and practical guidance for in situ carbon source production from sludge.

This article studied the static adsorption of pyridine and quinoline on rayon-based activated carbon fiber(rayon-based ACF), investigated the influencing factors of adsorption efficiency and behaviors such as time, dose, temperature and organic compound, and analyzed the adsorption type and process of typical organic pollutants of coking water from the aspects of kinetic, thermodynamic and molecular structure. The results showed that when the initial concentration of pyridine wastewater was 25mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity was 17.66mg/g and it took about 60min to reach the adsorption equilibrium. Adsorption efficiency decreased with increasing temperature. The presence of quinoline inhibited the adsorption efficiency of pyridine, and the adsorption rate of pyridine was significantly decreased. Pyridine adsorption processes of carbon fiber agreed with pseudo second-order kinetic model with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. Freundlich isotherm of pyridine adsorption on the ACF at liquid temperature of 22℃ was q=2.3138c_e^0.9540. ΔG⁰ and ΔH⁰ were both negative, indicating spontaneous and exothermic adsorption.

The nutrients delivery from land usage and anthropogenic emissions in quantity is the main reason for euthrophication of coastal seawater in China. Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in seawater are hard to remove by conventional biological treatments. Due to its high ion exchange capacity and selectivity, natural zeolite has been one of the most efficient and economical water treatment materials. This paper studied the dynamic adsorption behavior of ammonium nitrogen from seawater, expressed as breakthrough curve, using natural zeolite bed filter. The magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP) precipitation and zeolite adsorption combined process was performed to remove ammonia nitrogen from seawater. Experimental results showed that the adsorption reached equilibrium in a shorter period of time at higher flow rate lower and filter column height. It is indicated that the dynamic adsorption of ammonia nitrogen from seawater on zeolite filter was best represented by the Logistic model. The concentration of ammonium nitrogen in seawater dropped to a low level when treated with MAP precipitation combined with zeolite adsorption. The suitable filtration conditions of natural zeolite bed filter were as the following:The filter speed was 20L/h, and the filter column height was 100cm. The ammonia adsorption capacity of natural zeolite could be restored by using calcination or NaCl immersion. After treated by calcination at 300℃for 2h and immersed in 1.5mol/L NaCl solutions for 24h, the regeneration rate of natural zeolite was 99.38% and 122.22% respectively.

The intensive experimental research on the removal of H₂S was conducted using a high gravity rotating packed bed(RPB)with iron-based desulfurizer and a mixture of N₂ and H₂S, which was used to simulate natural gas. The effects of inlet mass concentration of H₂S, gas flow rate, desulfurizer flow rate and temperature and RPB rotor speed on removal rate of H₂S were investigated. The optimized experimental conditions using high gravity technology with iron-based desulfurizer were as follows:mass concentration of H₂S in feed 14g/m³, gas flow rate 0.45m³/h, liquid flow rate 13.5L/h, desulfurizer temperature 40℃, and rotor speed of RPB 1000 r/min. Removal rate of H₂S could reach above 99.98%, and concentration of H₂S after desulfurization was lower than 2mg/m³ under the present experimental condition. Oxidation of used iron-based desulfurizer was also studied by bubbling the air into a storage tank instead of another RPB. Oxidation efficiency could be maintained well and removal rate of H₂S still remained very high and steady for a long time. High gravity technology desulfurization process is characterized by simple structure, higher desulfurization, and smaller size. Therefore, it has a very good application prospect of intensive desulfurization of natural gas or oil-associated gas on offshore platform.

In order to improve processing efficiency by minimizing the impact of bubbles and mass transfer limitations in wastewater treatment, a novel high gravity electro-catalytic reactor was used in the electro-catalytic degradation of phenol in wastewater. The influences of high gravity factor, current density, electrolysis time, electrolyte concentration, liquid circulation flow rate and initial concentration of phenol on degradation efficiency were investigated and the high gravity electro-catalytic method optimum operating conditions were determined. The results showed that under the optimal conditions of high gravity factor 30, current density 200A/m², electrolyte concentration 3g/L, liquid circulation flow rate 80L/h and electrolysis time 7h, the phenol wastewater initial mass concentration of 100 mg/L, the removal rate of phenol and COD reached 99.1% and 24.6% respectively. High gravity electro-catalytic method enhanced the mass transfer process of the ions in solution, resulting higher removal efficiency phenol in waste water.

The microbubble absorption method is effective to remove organic compounds from waste gas. Generally, the microbubbles are generated by dispersing the waste stream into an absorber liquid. The microbubble absorption has the advantages of large contact area and high mass transfer rate. Water was used as the liquid media to absorb acetone from the waste gas of acetone-air mixture. Microbubbles were generated by a microporous plate with pore sizes of 3 to 4 microns and the bubble diameters were measured by the high-speed imaging method. The effects of operation parameters on the absorption efficiency were investigated experimentally. The results showed that the average diameter of the microbubbles decreased while the bubble numbers increased with the increasing of the superficial gas velocity and the concentration of acetone in water. By keeping the acetone concentration in water in the range of 1% to 3% and the superficial gas velocity of 10.2m/s, microbubbles with diameters of 300祄 to 700祄 were generated successfully through the microporous plate. The absorption efficiency changed with the variations of superficial gas velocity and the acetone mass concentration in the air-acetone waste gas. At the superficial gas velocity of 10.2m/s, the absorption efficiency increased with the increase of the acetone mass concentration in the waste gas and the maximal absorption efficiency was 77.16% at the acetone mass concentration in the waste gas of 1.56×10^-3kg/m³.

In order to solve the water pollution caused by eutrophication, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles modified with SiO₂ and chitosan(CS)was used for immobilizing functional strain, so that the strain can denitrify the contamination in water more efficiently. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), and the functions for removing ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen from water were investigated. The results showed that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited highly ordered crystallinity, regular crystalline morphologies and excellent magnetism. The adsorption rate for the bacteria was up to 85.00% and the numbers of adsorption strain achieved (2.1—2.2)×10⁶cfu/mL at 20min during the adsorption process. Furthermore, when the non-immobilized strain was added into the media(liquid), the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was 54.13% and 59.17%, respectively. However, when the immobilized strain was added into the media, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen increase to 72.26% and 74.56%. Experimental results showed that the modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles had strong adsorption capacity for the strain. In the mean time, the microcapsule structure could make the immobilized strain have better performance and longer life cycle of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles compared with the non-immobilized strain.

In this work the "front-end depropanization" process to separate methanol to olefins crude products was studied. First the high and low pressure depropanizer distillation tower was utilized, then through demethanizer, deethanizer, ethylene fractionator and propylene fractionator, the paradigmatic level olefin product was obtained, in which the "pre-cutting-oil absorption demethanation" process was applied in the demethanizing section. Smaller energy was consumed through intercooling method and propane produced from the process itself was selected as absorbent. The propylene distillation section used pre-fractionator process to reduce the height of tower. Aspen Plus was utilized to simulate and optimize the demethanizer section, Radfrac distillation model and RKS-BM thermodynamic model were applied to calculate, and based on the sensitivity analysis, the section's feed entrance point, stage number and reflux ratio were optimized. In addition, the dosage and temperature of dimethyl methane absorbent were confirmed. Finally, ethylene at a purity degree of 99.98% and propylene at a purity degree of 99.90% were obtained.

Compared with the existing methods of light hydrocarbon recovery from low pressure natural gas, a new modified adsorption recovery process, which can reduce consumption and increase recovery ratio, has been put forward. The process consists of two stage temperature and pressure swing adsorptions (T-PSA). Water in raw gas is removed in the first stage, and light hydrocarbon is recovered from raw gas in the second stage. When the pressure of recovered liquid light hydrocarbon is not less than 1.6MPa, the hydrocarbon dew point, storage and transportation safety can meet project requirements, then the light hydrocarbon can be deemed as products. The recovery ratio of propane and butane are both higher than 94%, which have been increased by 30%—40% compared with common cryogenic recovery process and one stage temperature swing adsorption for light hydrocarbon recovery, economic benefits are obvious. Meanwhile, compared with the cryogenic recovery process, the operating flexibility and applicability of two stage temperature and pressure swing adsorption is higher and broader. And it is particularly applicable for small scale production or mobile facility. As a consequence, the modified adsorption recovery process is good for industrial application.