化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 519-536.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0575

• 特约评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

高压氢环境奥氏体不锈钢焊件氢脆研究进展

周池楼1,2(), 何默涵1, 郭晋3,4, 李运泉1,5, 吴昊1(), 肖舒1, 陈国华1,2, 欧阳瑞祥6, 何实6   

  1. 1.华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 广东 广州 510641
    2.广东省安全生产协同创新中心, 广东 广州 510641
    3.浙江大学能源工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310027
    4.广东省特种设备检测研究院, 广东 佛山 528251
    5.广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院, 广东 佛山 528300
    6.云志压力容器制造有限公司, 广东 佛山 528312
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-22 修回日期:2021-05-28 出版日期:2022-02-05 发布日期:2022-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 吴昊
  • 作者简介:周池楼(1987—),男,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为高压储氢技术及氢脆机理。E-mail:mezcl@scut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0404020004);国家自然科学基金(51705157);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515011157);广州市科技计划(202002030275);中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2019MS066)

Review on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weldments in high pressure hydrogen atmosphere

ZHOU Chilou1,2(), HE Mohan1, GUO Jin3,4, LI Yunquan1,5, WU Hao1(), XIAO Shu1, CHEN Guohua1,2, OUYANG Ruixiang6, HE Shi6   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
    2.Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center for Work Safety, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
    3.College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
    4.Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research, Foshan 528251, Guangdong, China
    5.Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Shunde Branch, Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
    6.Onez Pressure Vessel (Shunde District, Foshan City) Manufacturing Corporation Limited, Foshan 528312, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2021-03-22 Revised:2021-05-28 Online:2022-02-05 Published:2022-02-23
  • Contact: WU Hao

摘要:

奥氏体不锈钢焊件是高压氢系统中重要的承载结构,其长期服役在高压高纯氢气环境中会出现塑性损减、疲劳裂纹扩展速率加快等氢脆现象,导致高压氢系统存在安全隐患。因此,为保障高压氢系统的安全运行,研究高压氢环境奥氏体不锈钢焊件的氢脆具有重要意义。本文首先介绍奥氏体不锈钢焊件中氢的两种来源,随后讨论评价材料氢脆敏感性的静态实验方法和动态实验方法,其次概述当前主流的氢脆机理,然后着重分析内部因素及外部因素对奥氏体不锈钢焊件氢脆敏感性的影响,最后归纳并总结五种典型的奥氏体不锈钢焊接工艺对焊件微观组织的影响,并进一步探讨相应焊件的氢脆敏感性。基于上述分析,针对奥氏体不锈钢焊件氢脆性能研究现状及发展趋势提出了若干建议。

关键词: 奥氏体不锈钢, 焊接, 氢脆, 氢, 扩散, 安全

Abstract:

The austenitic stainless steel weldment is important load-bearing structure in high-pressure hydrogen systems. The weldment long-term service in a high-pressure and high-purity hydrogen environment will cause hydrogen embrittlement such as plastic loss and accelerated fatigue crack growth rate, which leads to safety hazards in high pressure hydrogen system. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe operation of the high-pressure hydrogen system, it is necessary to study the hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weldments. This paper first introduced two sources of hydrogen in austenitic stainless steel weldments, and then discussed the static and dynamic experimental methods to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials. Secondly, it summarized the current mainstream hydrogen embrittlement mechanism, and then focused on the analysis of the influence of internal and external factors on the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of austenitic stainless steel weldments, Finally, the effects of five typical austenitic stainless steel welding processes on the microstructure of weldments were summarized, and the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of corresponding weldments was further discussed. Based on the above analysis, several suggestions were put forward to provide references for the research on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weldments in high pressure hydrogen environment.

Key words: austenitic stainless steel, weld, hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen, diffusion, safety

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