新型脉冲萃取塔存留分数与特性速度

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1141

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为测试锥形穿流塔板的性能，在内径为75mm的脉冲萃取塔中，以煤油-水和10%磷酸三丁酯/煤油-水为实验体系，在无传质条件下，研究脉冲强度与两相表观流速对分散相存留分数和特性速度的影响。结果表明，在实验范围内，存留分数与分散相流速近似成正比，与连续相流速无关。而随着脉冲强度的增大，存留分数先减小，当脉冲强度达到临界值(Af)_t后，存留分数迅速增大。将此临界值与脉冲筛板塔临界值进行对比，两种体系分别减小约9.7%和41.4%，此外，特性速度随着脉冲强度的增大而减小，且界面张力较低的体系减小幅度更大。在实验结果分析的基础上，利用量纲分析方法得到了存留分数与特性速度的工程经验关联式，预测值与实验值符合较好，相对误差均小于20%，可以应用于脉冲萃取塔的设计计算。

关键词: 锥形穿流塔板, 溶剂萃取, 分散相存留分数, 特性速度, 量纲分析, 经验关联式

Abstract:

The performance of the conical cross flow plate was tested in a pulsed extraction column of 75mm inner diameter, and the effects of pulsed intensity and superficial velocity of both liquid phases on hold-up and characteristic velocity were investigated under no-mass transfer using two systems: kerosene-water and 10% tributyl phosphate in kerosene-water. The results show that the hold-up is approximately proportional to the dispersed phase velocity, while the effects of continuous phase velocity have little impact under experiment operating range. With the increase of pulsed intensity, the hold-up first reduces and when the pulsed intensity reaches the critical value (Af)_t, the hold-up increases rapidly. Compared with the critical value of pulsed sieve plate column, and the two systems decrease about 9.7% and 41.4%, respectively. Moreover, the characteristic velocities decrease with increasing pulsed intensity and the characteristic velocity of the system with lower interfacial tension decreases faster. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, empirical correlations of hold-up and characteristic velocity are proposed by dimensional analysis method, and a good agreement between the experimental values and the predicted values from empirical correlations is proved with the maximum relative errors less than 20%, which can be used for the design calculations of pulsed extraction column.

Key words: conical cross flow plate, solvent extraction, dispersed phase hold-up, characteristic velocity, dimensional analysis, empirical correlation

中图分类号:

TQ053.5

王涛, 王成习. 新型脉冲萃取塔存留分数与特性速度[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2416-2421.

WANG Tao, WANG Chengxi. Hold-up and characteristic velocity in a novel pulsed extraction column[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2416-2421.

图/表 14

图1 实验装置流程1—分散相进料罐；2—连续相进料罐；3—分散相产品罐；4—脉冲萃取塔；5—脉冲腿；6—减压阀；7—时间继电器；8—电磁阀

图2 锥形穿流萃取塔板结构1—锥形罩板；2—锥形挡板；3—导流板；4—筛孔；5—连接管；6—限流孔；7—支撑板

表1 萃取塔与塔板结构参数

参数	数值	参数	数值
萃取段直径/mm	75	萃取塔总高/mm	1520
扩大段直径/mm	125/120	锥面筛孔直径/mm	3
塔板数	5	锥面开孔率/%	9.7
板间距/mm	120	限流孔直径/mm	5
脉冲腿直径/mm	24	塔板总高度/mm	65

表2 体系物性数据

实验体系	$ρ c / k g · m - 3$	$ρ d / k g · m - 3$	$μ c / m P a · s$	$μ d / m P a · s$	$σ / m N · m - 1$
K-W^①	990.1	790.2	1.07	1.92	40.3
TK-W^②	982.6	791.7	1.01	1.94	18.4

表2 体系物性数据

实验体系	$ρ c / k g · m - 3$	$ρ d / k g · m - 3$	$μ c / m P a · s$	$μ d / m P a · s$	$σ / m N · m - 1$
K-W^①	990.1	790.2	1.07	1.92	40.3
TK-W^②	982.6	791.7	1.01	1.94	18.4

表3 操作参数范围

实验体系	$u c / m m · s - 1$	$u d / m m · s - 1$	$A f / m m · s - 1$
K-W	0.62～3.26	0.78～3.71	0～30.7
TK-W	0.62～3.26	0.73～3.66	0～25.6

表3 操作参数范围

实验体系	$u c / m m · s - 1$	$u d / m m · s - 1$	$A f / m m · s - 1$
K-W	0.62～3.26	0.78～3.71	0～30.7
TK-W	0.62～3.26	0.73～3.66	0～25.6

图3 脉冲强度对存留分数的影响

表4 液滴直径d32数据

实验体系	Af<(Af)_t		Af >(Af)_t
实验体系	d₃₂/mm	d₃₂/d₀	d₃₂/mm	d₃₂/d₀
K-W	3.10～4.09	1.03～1.36	1.63～3.10	0.54～1.03
TK-W	2.66～3.32	0.89～1.11	1.54～2.66	0.51～0.89

表5 不同萃取设备(Af)t对比

实验体系	锥形穿流塔板(Af)_t/mm?s^-1	脉冲筛板塔(Af)_t/mm?s^-1
K-W	10.2	11.3
TK-W	5.1	8.7

图4 分散相流速对存留分数的影响

图5 连续相流速对存留分数的影响

图6 分散相流速对液滴直径的影响

图7 存留分数实验值与预测值对比

图8 特性速度拟合结果

图9 脉冲强度对特性速度影响

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