关键词: 电催化, 合成, 氨, 电解质, 电极催化剂, 法拉第效率

Abstract: Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to synthesize ammonia under normal pressure exhibits low energy consumption and low CO2 emissions, which is one of the most promising alternatives. In the electrocatalytic ammonia synthesizers, the electrolyte materials are mainly classified into solid oxide electrolytes, molten salt electrolytes, polymer membrane electrolytes, and liquid electrolytes, according to their working principles and compositions. The operation temperature of these electrocatalytic ammonia synthesizers decreases little by little in the order listed above. In this article, the working principles of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis, the materials of electrolytes and electrodes, the frontier theories of the Faraday efficiency and some application cases have been summarized. The current challenges have been pointed out such as the nitrogen electrocatalytic reduction, the insufficient proton conduction efficiency of the electrolyte, the low catalyst activity and stability, and the research trend of low temperature. The work has provided some theoretical supports and research directions for an in-depth exploration of the electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis process.

Key words: electrocatalytic, synthesis, ammonia, electrolytes, electrode catalyst, Faraday efficiency