挥发性有机物燃烧催化剂的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1266

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是主要大气污染物质，也是形成PM_2.5和臭氧的重要前体。强化挥发性有机物控制，是改善大气环境的重要途径。催化燃烧（氧化）被认为是去除VOCs最有效的方式之一，本文综述了VOCs催化燃烧常用的贵金属催化剂、非贵金属催化剂。其中，贵金属催化剂主要包括基于Pd、Pt、Ru等的催化剂，非贵金属催化剂主要包括Mn、Co、Ce、Zr等的氧化物，通常贵金属催化剂具有比非贵金属更高的氧化活性和稳定性，但对于含氮VOCs非贵金属催化剂（Mn、Cu）具有更好的氮气选择性，Cr基催化剂对于含氯VOCs燃烧具有更好的效果。此外，还重点讨论了载体、分散度、催化剂制备方法对贵金属催化剂性能的影响，并对发展VOCs氧化催化剂的研究提出了展望。

关键词: 挥发性有机物, 催化作用, 燃烧反应, 贵金属催化剂, 非贵金属催化剂

Abstract:

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are both the main atmospheric pollutants and important precursors for the formation of PM_2.5 and ozone. Strengthening the control of volatile organic compounds emission is an important way to improve the atmospheric environment. In addition, catalytic combustion (oxidation) is considered to be one of the most effective ways to remove VOCs. This work reviewed the noble metal catalysts, non-noble metal catalysts widely used in the catalytic oxidation of VOCs. The noble metal catalysts mainly included Pd, Pt and Ru based catalysts, and the non-noble metal catalysts contained the oxides of Mn, Co, Ce and Zr. The oxidation activity and stability of noble metal catalysts are generally higher than that of non-noble metals for VOCs combustion, but non-noble metals (Mn, Cu) are more suitable for nitrogen-containing VOCs combustion because of its higher N₂ selectivity, and the Cr based catalysts are consider to be more effective for chlorine-containing VOCs combustion. Then, the discussion was focused on the effects of support, dispersion and catalyst preparation methods on the catalytic performance of noble metal catalysts. The prospects for the future development of catalysts for VOCs combustion were also discussed.

Key words: volatile organic compounds, catalysis, combustion reaction, noble metal catalysts, non-noble metal catalysts

中图分类号:

TQ09

王炜月, 赵培培, 金凌云, 岑丙横, 陈建, 罗孟飞. 挥发性有机物燃烧催化剂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S2): 185-195.

Weiyue WANG, Peipei ZHAO, Lingyun JIN, Bingheng CEN, Jian CHEN, Mengfei LUO. Recent advances in catalysts for volatile organic compounds combustion[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S2): 185-195.

图/表 13

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催化剂	转化率^①/%	Pt⁰/(Pt⁰+Pt²⁺)		质量比速率 /μmol·s^-1·g^-1
催化剂	转化率^①/%	新鲜催化剂	用过催化剂^②	质量比速率 /μmol·s^-1·g^-1
Pt/Al₂O₃	11.4	0.15	0.51	11.3
Pt-2Nb/Al₂O₃	17.6	0.34	0.65	17.5
Pt-6Nb/Al₂O₃	48.1	0.47	0.70	47.7
Pt-10Nb/Al₂O₃	62.3	0.66	0.71	61.8
Pt-15Nb/Al₂O₃	55.9	0.87	0.91	55.5
10Nb/Al₂O₃	0	—	—	—
Pt-10Nb/Al₂O₃-R	69.8	0.86	0.86	69.2

催化剂	转化率^①/%	Pt⁰/(Pt⁰+Pt²⁺)		质量比速率 /μmol·s^-1·g^-1
催化剂	转化率^①/%	新鲜催化剂	用过催化剂^②	质量比速率 /μmol·s^-1·g^-1
Pt/Al₂O₃	11.4	0.15	0.51	11.3
Pt-2Nb/Al₂O₃	17.6	0.34	0.65	17.5
Pt-6Nb/Al₂O₃	48.1	0.47	0.70	47.7
Pt-10Nb/Al₂O₃	62.3	0.66	0.71	61.8
Pt-15Nb/Al₂O₃	55.9	0.87	0.91	55.5
10Nb/Al₂O₃	0	—	—	—
Pt-10Nb/Al₂O₃-R	69.8	0.86	0.86	69.2

催化剂	选择性/%
	T₉₈		300℃		340℃		400℃		420℃
	CO	N₂	CO	N₂	CO	N₂	CO	N₂	CO	N₂
4MnO_x/ZSM-5(18)	7.2	100	4.4	100	0	100	0	100	0	100
12MnO_x/ZSM-5(18)	2.0	100	0	100	0	100	0	99.2	0	98.5
20MnO_x/ZSM-5(18)	1.2	100	0	100	0	100	0	98.5	0	95.5
4MnO_x/ZSM-5(360)	2.8	100	2.0	100	0	99.2	0	91.3	0	84.3
12MnO_x/ZSM-5(360)	1.8	100	0	100	0	93.2	0	72.6	0	62.7
20MnO_x/ZSM-5(360)	0.8	100	0	97.7	0	89.0	0	69.1	0	58.3
12MnO_x/SiO₂	6.0	90.4	2.6	67.4	0	44.7	0	28.5	0	22.1

催化剂	选择性/%
	T₉₈		300℃		340℃		400℃		420℃
	CO	N₂	CO	N₂	CO	N₂	CO	N₂	CO	N₂
4MnO_x/ZSM-5(18)	7.2	100	4.4	100	0	100	0	100	0	100
12MnO_x/ZSM-5(18)	2.0	100	0	100	0	100	0	99.2	0	98.5
20MnO_x/ZSM-5(18)	1.2	100	0	100	0	100	0	98.5	0	95.5
4MnO_x/ZSM-5(360)	2.8	100	2.0	100	0	99.2	0	91.3	0	84.3
12MnO_x/ZSM-5(360)	1.8	100	0	100	0	93.2	0	72.6	0	62.7
20MnO_x/ZSM-5(360)	0.8	100	0	97.7	0	89.0	0	69.1	0	58.3
12MnO_x/SiO₂	6.0	90.4	2.6	67.4	0	44.7	0	28.5	0	22.1

催化剂	T₉₈/℃	选择性/%
		T₉₈		300℃		400℃
		CO	N₂	CO	N₂	CO	N₂
2CuO/ZSM-5-18	300	6.4	100	6.4	100	0	98.5
4CuO/ZSM-5-18	280	2.8	100	0.2	100	0	96.2
6CuO/ZSM-5-18	240	2.8	100	0	100	0	95.5
10CuO/ZSM-5-18	240	2.0	100	0	100	0	94.7
14CuO/ZSM-5-18	240	2.0	100	0	100	0	94.0