含抗生素废水的微藻处理技术及其进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0978

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抗生素在环境水体的累积是威胁人类健康及生态安全的全球性问题，去除环境中残留抗生素迫在眉睫。本文首先综述了环境中抗生素残留的主要来源及危害。随后，针对微藻处理含抗生素废水的特点，阐述微藻去除抗生素的生物降解、生物累积、生物表面吸附、光合降解和挥发及水解等这5种可能去除机制，比较了这些机制在不同微藻去除抗生素实验研究中的贡献。阐明为提高微藻法去除抗生素的效率，尚需优化藻种的选择和培养条件。最后，讨论了微藻法去除抗生素目前存在的去除不完全、降解产物不明了及缺乏规模化应用等问题，提出可以结合化学、物理和生物方法达到去除要求；通过组学数据等综合分析抗生素降解产物；积累中试数据，为进一步的规模化应用打下基础。

关键词: 生物技术, 生物过程, 废物处理, 微藻, 抗生素

Abstract:

The accumulation of antibiotics in environmental water is a global problem threatening human health and ecological security. It is urgent to remove the residual antibiotics in the environment. In this paper, the main sources and hazards of antibiotic residues in the environment were firstly reviewed by summarizing the relevant literature on the treatment of antibiotic wastewater by microalgae in recent years. Then, according to the characteristics of microalgae in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater, five possible removal mechanisms of microalgae for antibiotic removal were described, including biodegradation, bioaccumulation, bio-surface adsorption, photosynthetic degradation, volatilization and hydrolysis. The contributions of these mechanisms in the related experimental studies were compared. Besides, this article clarified the necessity to optimize the selection of algae species and culture conditions in order to improve the removal efficiency of antibiotics by microalgae. Finally, the problems of incomplete removal, unclear degradation products and lack of large-scale application in the removal of antibiotics by microalgae were discussed. It was pointed out that the full removal of antibiotics could be achieved by combining chemical, physical and biological methods; the degradation products of antibiotics could be comprehensively analyzed through omics data; the pilot test data were accumulated to lay the foundation for further large-scale application.

Key words: biotechnology, bioprocess, waste treatment, microalgae, antibiotics

中图分类号:

X701

钟雪晴, 朱雅莉, 王玉娇, 赵权宇. 含抗生素废水的微藻处理技术及其进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(4): 2308-2317.

ZHONG Xueqing, ZHU Yali, WANG Yujiao, ZHAO Quanyu. Progress on antibiotic wastewater treatment by microalgae[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(4): 2308-2317.

图/表 5

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抗生素大类	名称	缩写	检测最大浓度/ng·L^-1	检测水种类	检测的国家	参考文献
β-内酰胺类	阿莫西林	AMX	128	海水	希腊	[17]
			60	河水	肯尼亚	[19]
			120	废水	肯尼亚	[19]
	氨苄青霉素	AMP	290	河水	肯尼亚	[19]
	氨苄青霉素	AMP	790	废水	肯尼亚	[19]
磺胺类	磺胺噻唑	STZ	121	地表水（黄浦江）	中国	[20]
	磺胺嘧啶	SDZ	505	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
			108	江河水	越南	[22]
			5	海水	希腊	[17]
	磺胺二甲嘧啶	SMT	654	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
	磺胺吡啶	SPD	103	地表水（黄浦江）	中国	[20]
	磺胺甲基嘧啶	SMR	16.41	地表水	美国	[24]
	磺胺甲唑	SMX	13.765	江河水	肯尼亚	[25]
			940	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
			54.04	地下水	美国	[24]
喹诺酮类	恩诺沙星	ENR	1140	沉积物（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
	诺氟沙星	NOR	256.03	地表水（辽河）	中国	[26]
	洛美沙星	LOM	5.5	地表水（巢湖）	中国	[27]
	氧氟沙星	OFL	82.8	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
四环素类	氧四环素	OTC	48.7	地表水（鄱阳湖）	中国	[28]
	四环素	TC	87.9	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
	氯四环素	CTC	142.5	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
大环内酯类	克拉霉素	CLA	1.5	海水	希腊	[17]
			105	地表水（扬子江）	中国	[29]
			443	地表水	韩国	[30]
	泰乐菌素	TYL	1.88	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
	螺旋霉素	SPI	2.92	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
	红霉素	ERM	17.66	地下水	美国	[24]
林可酰胺类	林可霉素	LIN	64.5	地表水（巢湖）	中国	[29]
林可酰胺类	克林霉素	CLD	46.7	地表水（巢湖）	中国	[29]
甲氧苄氨嘧啶	甲氧苄氨嘧啶	TMP	40.8	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
甲氧苄氨嘧啶	甲氧苄氨嘧啶	TMP	265	江河水	肯尼亚	[25]

抗生素大类	名称	缩写	检测最大浓度/ng·L^-1	检测水种类	检测的国家	参考文献
β-内酰胺类	阿莫西林	AMX	128	海水	希腊	[17]
			60	河水	肯尼亚	[19]
			120	废水	肯尼亚	[19]
	氨苄青霉素	AMP	290	河水	肯尼亚	[19]
	氨苄青霉素	AMP	790	废水	肯尼亚	[19]
磺胺类	磺胺噻唑	STZ	121	地表水（黄浦江）	中国	[20]
	磺胺嘧啶	SDZ	505	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
			108	江河水	越南	[22]
			5	海水	希腊	[17]
	磺胺二甲嘧啶	SMT	654	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
	磺胺吡啶	SPD	103	地表水（黄浦江）	中国	[20]
	磺胺甲基嘧啶	SMR	16.41	地表水	美国	[24]
	磺胺甲唑	SMX	13.765	江河水	肯尼亚	[25]
			940	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
			54.04	地下水	美国	[24]
喹诺酮类	恩诺沙星	ENR	1140	沉积物（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
	诺氟沙星	NOR	256.03	地表水（辽河）	中国	[26]
	洛美沙星	LOM	5.5	地表水（巢湖）	中国	[27]
	氧氟沙星	OFL	82.8	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
四环素类	氧四环素	OTC	48.7	地表水（鄱阳湖）	中国	[28]
	四环素	TC	87.9	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
	氯四环素	CTC	142.5	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
大环内酯类	克拉霉素	CLA	1.5	海水	希腊	[17]
			105	地表水（扬子江）	中国	[29]
			443	地表水	韩国	[30]
	泰乐菌素	TYL	1.88	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
	螺旋霉素	SPI	2.92	地表水（白洋淀湖）	中国	[21]
	红霉素	ERM	17.66	地下水	美国	[24]
林可酰胺类	林可霉素	LIN	64.5	地表水（巢湖）	中国	[29]
林可酰胺类	克林霉素	CLD	46.7	地表水（巢湖）	中国	[29]
甲氧苄氨嘧啶	甲氧苄氨嘧啶	TMP	40.8	地表水（太湖）	中国	[23]
甲氧苄氨嘧啶	甲氧苄氨嘧啶	TMP	265	江河水	肯尼亚	[25]

抗生素种类	名称	藻种	抗生素浓度 /mg?L^-1	去除效率 /%（时间）	去除机理	参考文献
喹诺酮类	恩诺沙星	单藻Scenedesmus obliquus，ChlamydomonasMexicana，Chlorella vulgaris，Ourococcus Multisporus，Micractinium resseri及混藻	1	18~26（11d）	—	[65]
	恩诺沙星	胶网藻(Dictyosphaerium sp.)	5~100	14.2~23.3（12d）	—	[66]
	环丙沙星	Chlamydomonas mexicana	2	13（11d）	—	[60]
大环内酯类	替米考星	Chlorella PY-ZU1	0.01~50	90.2~99.8（9d）	—	[8]
磺胺类	磺胺甲嘧啶	Scenedesmus obliquus	0.025~0.25	31.4~62.3（12d）	高浓度更容易降解	[67]
	磺胺甲唑	Scenedesmus obliquus	0.025~0.25	27.7~46.8（12d）	高浓度更容易降解	[67]
	磺胺甲唑	Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03	1~10	20（9d）	生物降解?光解与水解	[52]
	磺胺甲唑	Nannochloris sp.	0.01	32（14d）	—	[68]
β-酰胺类	阿莫西林	Chlorella sp.	10~150	>99（12h）	—	[40]
	阿莫西林	铜绿微囊藻	50	60（24h）	微藻的黑暗预处理有利于去除	[36]
	头孢拉定	铜绿微囊藻	50	82.31（6h）	微藻的黑暗预处理有利于去除	[36]
四环素	四环素	高速藻类塘	0.1	>99（HRT 6d）	生物表面吸附<6%	[56]
	四环素	Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03	1~10	100（9d）	水解>降解>光解	[52]
	土霉素	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	2.5	97（11h）	活藻最大吸附能力29.18mg/g	[49]
甲氧氨苄嘧啶	甲氧氨苄嘧啶	Nannochloris sp.	10	0（14d）	—	[68]

抗生素种类	名称	藻种	抗生素浓度 /mg?L^-1	去除效率 /%（时间）	去除机理	参考文献
喹诺酮类	恩诺沙星	单藻Scenedesmus obliquus，ChlamydomonasMexicana，Chlorella vulgaris，Ourococcus Multisporus，Micractinium resseri及混藻	1	18~26（11d）	—	[65]
	恩诺沙星	胶网藻(Dictyosphaerium sp.)	5~100	14.2~23.3（12d）	—	[66]
	环丙沙星	Chlamydomonas mexicana	2	13（11d）	—	[60]
大环内酯类	替米考星	Chlorella PY-ZU1	0.01~50	90.2~99.8（9d）	—	[8]
磺胺类	磺胺甲嘧啶	Scenedesmus obliquus	0.025~0.25	31.4~62.3（12d）	高浓度更容易降解	[67]
	磺胺甲唑	Scenedesmus obliquus	0.025~0.25	27.7~46.8（12d）	高浓度更容易降解	[67]
	磺胺甲唑	Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03	1~10	20（9d）	生物降解?光解与水解	[52]
	磺胺甲唑	Nannochloris sp.	0.01	32（14d）	—	[68]
β-酰胺类	阿莫西林	Chlorella sp.	10~150	>99（12h）	—	[40]
	阿莫西林	铜绿微囊藻	50	60（24h）	微藻的黑暗预处理有利于去除	[36]
	头孢拉定	铜绿微囊藻	50	82.31（6h）	微藻的黑暗预处理有利于去除	[36]
四环素	四环素	高速藻类塘	0.1	>99（HRT 6d）	生物表面吸附<6%	[56]
	四环素	Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03	1~10	100（9d）	水解>降解>光解	[52]
	土霉素	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	2.5	97（11h）	活藻最大吸附能力29.18mg/g	[49]
甲氧氨苄嘧啶	甲氧氨苄嘧啶	Nannochloris sp.	10	0（14d）	—	[68]

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