含油污泥化学热洗技术研究现状与进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0859

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含油污泥是石油生产与加工过程产生的含有油、固体颗粒、重金属、水等的复杂组成体系，其稳定性高、处理难度大，已被列入危险废物名录。我国含油污泥产生量大，未经处理外排会对环境产生严重污染，各石油生产及加工企业均投入较大的人力、物力进行含油污泥的处理，形成了热洗、热解、加温加压调理、微生物处理等技术，其中热洗具有油回收率高、残渣含油率较低、成本低廉等优点。本文对国内外含油污泥处理标准进行了总结对比，对化学热洗技术的研究进展进行了阐述，重点论述了清洗剂种类和浓度、热洗温度、热洗时间、搅拌速度、液固比等因素对含油污泥处理效率的影响，提出了化学热洗技术未来的发展方向，以期对含油污泥化学热洗技术的发展提供参考。

关键词: 含油污泥, 化学热洗技术, 标准, 工程应用

Abstract:

Oily sludge is a complex composition system containing oil, solid particles, heavy metals, and water, which is produced in the process of petroleum production and processing. It has been included in the list of hazardous wastes due to its highly stable and difficult for treatment. There is a large amount of oily sludge in China, and untreated external discharge will cause serious environmental pollution. The oil production and processing enterprises have invested a lot of resources in the treatment of oily sludge, and have developed several types of technologies, such as thermochemical cleaning, pyrolysis, temperature and pressure conditioning, microbial treatment, etc. Among them, thermochemical cleaning has the advantages of high oil recovery rate, low residue oil content rate, low cost, etc. This paper summarizes the domestic and international oily sludge treatment standards, and describes the research progress of thermochemical cleaning technology with focusing on the influence of detergent types and concentrations, hot washing temperature, hot washing time, mixing speed, liquid-solid ratio and other factors on the treatment efficiency of oily sludge. The future development direction of thermochemical cleaning technology is proposed to provide reference for the development of thermochemical cleaning technology for oily sludge treatment.

Key words: oily sludge, thermochemical cleaning, standard, engineering applications

中图分类号:

X741

张楠, 王宇晶, 刘涉江, 张凯. 含油污泥化学热洗技术研究现状与进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1276-1283.

ZHANG Nan, WANG Yujing, LIU Shejiang, ZHANG Kai. Progress and prospects on the thermochemical cleaning of oily sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1276-1283.

图/表 5

参考文献 53

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标准类别	标准名称	含油量控制指标
标准类别	标准名称	A级污泥产物^①	B级污泥产物^②
国家标准	《农用污泥污染物控制标准》（GB 4284—2018）	≤500mg/kg	≤3000mg/kg
行业标准	《陆上石油天然气开采含油污泥资源化综合利用及污染控制技术要求》（SY/T 7301—2016）	≤2%	≤2%
行业标准	《废矿物油回收利用污染控制技术规范》（HJ 607—2011）	≤2%	≤2%
地方标准	黑龙江省《油田含油污泥综合利用污染控制标准》（DB 23/T 1413—2010）	垫井场、通井路 ≤20000mg/kg	农用≤3000mg/kg 干污泥
	陕西省《含油污泥处置利用控制限值》（DB 61/T 1025—2016）	铺设油田井场、等级公路时 ≤10mg/g	用作工业生产原料时 ≤20mg/g
	新疆维吾尔自治区《油气田含油污泥综合利用污染控制要求》（DB 65/T 3998—2017）	≤2%	≤2%

标准类别	标准名称	含油量控制指标
标准类别	标准名称	A级污泥产物^①	B级污泥产物^②
国家标准	《农用污泥污染物控制标准》（GB 4284—2018）	≤500mg/kg	≤3000mg/kg
行业标准	《陆上石油天然气开采含油污泥资源化综合利用及污染控制技术要求》（SY/T 7301—2016）	≤2%	≤2%
行业标准	《废矿物油回收利用污染控制技术规范》（HJ 607—2011）	≤2%	≤2%
地方标准	黑龙江省《油田含油污泥综合利用污染控制标准》（DB 23/T 1413—2010）	垫井场、通井路 ≤20000mg/kg	农用≤3000mg/kg 干污泥
	陕西省《含油污泥处置利用控制限值》（DB 61/T 1025—2016）	铺设油田井场、等级公路时 ≤10mg/g	用作工业生产原料时 ≤20mg/g
	新疆维吾尔自治区《油气田含油污泥综合利用污染控制要求》（DB 65/T 3998—2017）	≤2%	≤2%

国家	含油污泥残油量
国家	工业填埋场^①	一般填埋场^②	筑路、填井场等	排放土壤
美国	≤2%	≤1%	≤5%	—
加拿大	≤3%	≤2%	≤5%	—
法国	≤2%	—	—	湿地≤0.5%，旱地≤2%
荷兰	—	≤10mg/L	—	—

国家	含油污泥残油量
国家	工业填埋场^①	一般填埋场^②	筑路、填井场等	排放土壤
美国	≤2%	≤1%	≤5%	—
加拿大	≤3%	≤2%	≤5%	—
法国	≤2%	—	—	湿地≤0.5%，旱地≤2%
荷兰	—	≤10mg/L	—	—

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