氟化物对火山石基质人工湿地处理废水性能及菌群的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0660

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建了以火山石为基质的垂直流人工湿地（VFCW）系统，探究该系统在优化的水力负荷率（HLR）和碳氮比（C/N）条件下对含氟废水的处理性能以及菌群变化。结果显示，HRL 80mL/min、C/N 4.5条件下系统对有机物和氮的去除率较高。10mg/L氟化物处理导致硝酸盐氮（NO₃-N）开始出现累积（去除率为-23.1%）。20mg/L氟化物处理中总氮（TN）的去除率与0mg/L处理相比下降14.5%，NO₃-N累积加重（去除率为-52.2%）。50mg/L氟化物处理中化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH₄-N）和TN的去除率与0mg/L处理相比分别下降10.0%、17.1%和28.4%，NO₃-N累积更加严重（去除率为-96.1%）。氟离子（F^-）主要与系统中钙盐、磷酸盐反应生成氟化钙（CaF₂）和氟磷酸钙[Ca₅F(PO₄)₃]沉淀而去除。50mg/L氟化物处理的菌群组成明显受到了影响，菌群多样性降低，有机物降解菌（Zoogloea）、硝化菌（Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas）和反硝化菌（Thauera、Simplicispira和Dechloromonas）等的相对丰度显著降低（p＜0.05）。比耗氧速率（SOUR）、氨摄取速率（AUR）和硝酸盐还原酶（NaR）活性均随着氟化物浓度增大而下降，在F^-浓度为50mg/L时，分别降低13.7%、18.8%和55.6%。氟化物改变了VFCW系统的菌群结构和活性，导致污染物去除率降低。氟化物对反硝化过程和反硝化菌的影响最大，其次是硝化过程和硝化菌。

关键词: 废水, 降解, 多孔介质, 人工湿地, 去除率, 菌群, 氟化物

Abstract:

Vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) systems with volcanic rock as substrates were constructed. The performances of the systems in treating fluorine-containing wastewater and the shifts of microbial communities were investigated under optimized hydraulic loading rates (HLR) and C/N ratio. Results showed the system under HLR 80mL/min and C/N 4.5 had higher treatment efficiencies for organics and nitrogen. The treatment with 10mg/L fluoride appeared the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) (removal efficiency -23.1%). The removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) in 20mg/L fluoride treatment was 14.5% lower than that in 0mg/L fluoride treatment, and the accumulation of NO₃-N further increased (removal efficiency -52.2%). The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N), and TN decreased by 10.0%, 17.1%, and 28.4% in 50mg/L fluoride treatment compared with 0mg/L fluoride treatment, respectively. The accumulation of NO₃-N was more serious (removal efficiency -96.1%) in 50mg/L fluoride treatment. Fluorine ions (F^-) were mainly removed by reacting with calcium salts and phosphates in the systems to form the precipitates of calcium fluoride (CaF₂) and calcium fluophosphate [Ca₅F(PO₄)₃]. The concentration of 50mg/L fluoride had distinct influence on the microbial composition of VFCW system and reduced the diversity of microbial community. The relative abundances of organics degradation bacteria (Zoogloea), nitrifiers (Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas), and denitrifiers (Thauera, Simplicispira, and Dechloromonas) decreased significantly (p＜0.05). Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), ammonia uptake rate (AUR), and the activity of nitrate reductase (NaR) decreased gradually with the increase of fluoride concentration, and decreased by 13.7%, 18.8% and 55.6% under the concentration of 50mg/L F^-, respectively. Fluoride changed the microbial structures and activities of the VFCW systems, which reduced the removal efficiencies of various pollutants. Fluoride had the greatest influence on denitrification process and denitrifiers, followed by nitrification process and nitrifiers.

Key words: waste water, degradtion, porous media, constructed wetland, removal efficiency, bacterial community, fluoride

中图分类号:

X703.1

吴英海, 杨静, 李可心, 荣馨宇, 孙庆江, 杨娜, 张雨葵, 韩蕊. 氟化物对火山石基质人工湿地处理废水性能及菌群的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(11): 4632-4642.

Yinghai WU, Jing YANG, Kexin LI, Xinyu RONG, Qingjiang SUN, Na YANG, Yukui ZHANG, Rui HAN. Effects of fluoride on the wastewater treatment performance and bacterial communities of a constructed wetland with volcanic rock as substrate[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(11): 4632-4642.

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