关键词: 爆轰, 纳米材料, 纯化, 酸洗

Abstract: Pickling was used to improve the purity of nano ceria synthesized by special explosive detonation. Time and temperature of purification, the amount of distilled water, nitrate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were studied regarding their effects on purity through the design of orthogonal test. Crystal form and impurity content of ceria were analyzed by X ray diffraction and X ray fluorescence spectrometer. The purity of ceria was used as the criterion to determine the optimal purification parameters. The results show that high temperature will lead to reducing the concentration of nitrate, even cause excessive ceria dissolve after long time; adding PEG can ameliorate the agglomeration of nano ceria particles by observing the surface of particles with transmission electron microscopy. The best purification parameters of nano ceria are that temperature is 80℃, time is 24h, the amount of nitrate, distilled water and PEG are 0.333mL, 6.666mL and 16.666mg each gram of detonation ash respectively; The purity can reach 99.59% under the best parameters. Detonation temperature makes Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ change into α-Fe₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃, 0.12% of Fe₂O₃ and 0.17% of Al₂O₃ are left over.

Key words: detonation, nanomaterials, purification, pickling