利用可再生原料生物合成脂肪族短链二元胺与醇的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1955

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿色生物制造是以生物质等可再生原料通过生物过程和生物系统生产生物基材料、化学品、能源、医药和食品等，其绿色清洁的生产工艺有助于改善传统化工行业对化石资源高依赖以及工艺高能耗、高排放等问题。脂肪族短链二元胺和醇是重要的大宗化学品，可作为聚合单体应用于合成聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺等高分子材料，同时在化妆品、制药等领域具有广泛应用。本文全面探讨了利用可再生原料生物合成1,3-丙二胺、1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇的研究进展，概况了可再生原料生物制造的碳循环和代谢途径，总结了脂肪族短链二元胺和二元醇的从头生物合成路线，阐述了利用木质纤维素水解糖、甘油、一碳化合物原料合成短链二元胺和醇的研究现状。并对脂肪族短链二元胺和醇生物制造主要面临的挑战进行了相关讨论和展望。

关键词: 合成生物学, 生物工程, 生物质, 生物催化

Abstract:

Green bio-manufacturing is the process of producing bio-based products, such as chemicals, energy, food, and medicine from renewable feedstocks through biological processes and biological systems. Its green and clean production process is conducive to overcoming the traditional chemical industry's "high dependence" on fossil resources and the problems of "high energy consumption" and "high emissions". Aliphatic short-chain diamines and diols are significant bulk chemicals with a wide range of applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and other industrial fields. They can be utilized as polymeric monomers in the manufacture of polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, and other polymer materials. In this review, the biosynthesis of aliphatic short-chain diamines, including 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, aliphatic short-chain diols, including 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol from renewable raw materials is reviewed. The carbon cycle and metabolic pathways of bio-manufacturing from renewable feedstocks are compiled. The de novo biosynthesis routes of aliphatic short-chain diamines and diols are summarized. The current state of research on the biosynthesis of short-chain diamines and diols using lignocellulose hydrolyzed sugars, glycerol and one-carbon compounds as feedstocks is described. The primary challenges in the bio-manufacturing of aliphatic short-chain diamines and diols are discussed and prospected.

Key words: synthetic biology, biological engineering, biomass, biocatalysis

中图分类号:

冯娇, 刘明明, 刘耀, 王昕, 陈可泉. 利用可再生原料生物合成脂肪族短链二元胺与醇的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2655-2666.

FENG Jiao, LIU Mingming, LIU Yao, WANG Xin, CHEN Kequan. Research progress in the biosynthesis of aliphatic short-chain diamines and diols from renewable feedstocks[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2655-2666.

图/表 5

参考文献 71

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产品	化学合成法				生物合成法
产品	原料	工艺	优点	缺点	原料	工艺	优点	缺点
1,3-丙二胺	丙烯睛、丙二醇等	丙烯睛氨化还原法、丙二醇氨解法等	工艺简单、原料来源广泛	催化剂价格昂贵、副反应多、产物分离困难	葡萄糖	发酵法	原料可再生、绿色可持续	产率较低、无法满足工业化需求
1,4-丁二胺	丙烯腈	丙烯腈法	反应规模大、产量高	原料不可再生、催化剂价格、氰化物毒性高、反应条件苛刻且易燃易爆安全性低	葡萄糖、精氨酸等	发酵法、全细胞催化法	成本低廉，副产物少	工艺复杂、产率较低、产品不易分离
1,5-戊二胺	戊二腈	戊二腈法	产量较高	生产成本高，有副产物生成，反应过程剧烈，污染较大	葡萄糖、赖氨酸等	发酵法、全细胞催化法	酶催化收率高、反应时间短、过程简单	发酵法的葡萄糖转化率低，发酵体系成分复杂
1,3-丙二醇	丙烯醛、环氧乙烷	丙烯醛水合氢化法、环氧乙烷氢甲酰化法	工艺路线较成熟、反应条件温和	丙烯醛剧毒且易燃易爆、HPA选择性和收率低、易发生副反应	葡萄糖、甘油等	发酵法	反应条件温和、绿色环保、成本低	仍需降低生产成本
1,4-丁二醇	乙炔和甲醛、顺酐等	炔醛法、顺酐法等	工艺简单、技术成熟	受乙炔、顺酐等原料的限制	葡萄糖	发酵法	可持续、原料清洁、已工业化	副产物积累、路径酶的特异性仍需提升
1,5-戊二醇	戊二酸、四氢糠醇等	戊二酸加氢法、糠醇法等	工艺流程简单	加氢反应压力大、酸加氢副产物复杂	葡萄糖	发酵法	绿色可持续、原料清洁可再生	产量相对较低、副产物积累

产品	化学合成法				生物合成法
产品	原料	工艺	优点	缺点	原料	工艺	优点	缺点
1,3-丙二胺	丙烯睛、丙二醇等	丙烯睛氨化还原法、丙二醇氨解法等	工艺简单、原料来源广泛	催化剂价格昂贵、副反应多、产物分离困难	葡萄糖	发酵法	原料可再生、绿色可持续	产率较低、无法满足工业化需求
1,4-丁二胺	丙烯腈	丙烯腈法	反应规模大、产量高	原料不可再生、催化剂价格、氰化物毒性高、反应条件苛刻且易燃易爆安全性低	葡萄糖、精氨酸等	发酵法、全细胞催化法	成本低廉，副产物少	工艺复杂、产率较低、产品不易分离
1,5-戊二胺	戊二腈	戊二腈法	产量较高	生产成本高，有副产物生成，反应过程剧烈，污染较大	葡萄糖、赖氨酸等	发酵法、全细胞催化法	酶催化收率高、反应时间短、过程简单	发酵法的葡萄糖转化率低，发酵体系成分复杂
1,3-丙二醇	丙烯醛、环氧乙烷	丙烯醛水合氢化法、环氧乙烷氢甲酰化法	工艺路线较成熟、反应条件温和	丙烯醛剧毒且易燃易爆、HPA选择性和收率低、易发生副反应	葡萄糖、甘油等	发酵法	反应条件温和、绿色环保、成本低	仍需降低生产成本
1,4-丁二醇	乙炔和甲醛、顺酐等	炔醛法、顺酐法等	工艺简单、技术成熟	受乙炔、顺酐等原料的限制	葡萄糖	发酵法	可持续、原料清洁、已工业化	副产物积累、路径酶的特异性仍需提升
1,5-戊二醇	戊二酸、四氢糠醇等	戊二酸加氢法、糠醇法等	工艺流程简单	加氢反应压力大、酸加氢副产物复杂	葡萄糖	发酵法	绿色可持续、原料清洁可再生	产量相对较低、副产物积累

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