液体吸收剂捕集燃烧后CO2的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1523

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，以胺溶液、氨溶液、碳酸盐溶液等为代表的液体吸收剂在捕集CO₂方面表现出了处理能力大、价格廉价、技术成熟和应用广泛等特点，未来有望成为更经济、高效、绿色和可持续的碳捕集材料。本文首先综述了目前使用液体吸收剂捕集燃烧后CO₂的现状，介绍了液体吸收剂捕集CO₂的机理、影响因素以及增强捕集性能的策略和挑战。然后对比了各种液体吸收剂在捕集CO₂方面的优缺点，并展望了液体吸收剂未来发展的前景。分析表明，单一液体吸收剂在捕集CO₂方面性能相对较差，可以通过添加剂、抑制剂和共混物等手段进行改良。对现有工艺改进并结合新技术可以降低捕集过程中的能耗，但经济评估仍需加强。此外，当前的研究主要集中于单组分气体或双组分混合气体，未来的研究应多开展使用液体吸收剂捕集多组分混合气体中的CO₂。

关键词: 碳减排, 溶液吸收, 燃烧后捕集, CO₂捕集, 吸收剂

Abstract:

In recent years, liquid absorbents represented by amine solutions, ammonia solutions, and carbonate solutions have shown great potential as cost-effective, technologically mature, and widely applicable materials for CO₂ capture. They possess the advantages of high processing capacity, low cost, technological maturity, and wide application, making them promising candidates for economically efficient, high-performance, green, and sustainable CO₂ capture materials. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the current status of CO₂ capture using liquid absorbents, including the mechanisms, influencing factors, strategies for enhancing capture performance, and challenges. A comparative analysis of various liquid absorbents was presented, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in CO₂ capture. Furthermore, the future prospects of liquid absorbents were discussed. The analysis revealed that the performance of single liquid absorbents in CO₂ capture was relatively poor, and can be improved by employing additives, inhibitors, and mixtures. The energy consumption in the capture process can be reduced by improving the existing process and combining with the new technology, although economic evaluation needed further refinement. Additionally, current research primarily focused on single-component or binary gas mixtures, and future studies should explore the application of liquid absorbents in capturing CO₂ from multi-component gas mixtures.

Key words: carbon reduction, solution absorption, post-combustion capture, carbon dioxide capture, absorbents

中图分类号:

X701

苏辉辉, 王恩禄, 徐逸飞. 液体吸收剂捕集燃烧后CO₂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5734-5747.

SU Huihui, WANG Enlu, XU Yifei. Advances in research on capture of post-combustion carbon dioxide by liquid adsorbents[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5734-5747.

图/表 12

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名称	化学式	摩尔质量/g·mol^-1	密度/g·cm^-3	黏度（293K）/mPa·s	沸点/K	数字识别号（CAS编号）
单乙醇胺（MEA）	C₂H₇NO	61.08	1.012	24.10	443	141-43-5
二乙醇胺（DEA）	C₄H₁₁NO₂	105.14	1.097	380	544.2	111-42-2
甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）	C₁₂H₁₇NO₂	119.16	1.038	101	520.2	105-59-9
二异丙胺（DIPA）	C₆H₁₅N	101.10	0.722	0.40（298K）	357	108-18-9
2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇（AMP）	C₄H₁₁NO	89.14	0.934	102（303K）	438.6	124-68-5
二甲基乙醇胺（DMEA）	C₄H₁₁NO	89.14	0.888	3.80	407.4	108-01-0
二乙胺乙醇（DEEA）	C₆H₁₅NO	117.19	0.884	5.10	434.2	100-37-8
2-甲基-1,5-二氨基戊烷（DA2MP）	C₆H₁₆N₂	116.21	0.86	2.63	465	15520-10-2
3-甲氨基丙胺（MAPA）	C₄H₁₂N₂	88.15	0.840	1.60	412-414	6291-84-5
二乙烯三胺（DETA）	C₄H₁₃N₃	103.17	0.955	7.14	477.2	111-40-0
羟乙基乙二胺（AEEA）	C₄H₁₂N₂O	104.15	1.030	155	516	111-41-1

名称	化学式	摩尔质量/g·mol^-1	密度/g·cm^-3	黏度（293K）/mPa·s	沸点/K	数字识别号（CAS编号）
单乙醇胺（MEA）	C₂H₇NO	61.08	1.012	24.10	443	141-43-5
二乙醇胺（DEA）	C₄H₁₁NO₂	105.14	1.097	380	544.2	111-42-2
甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）	C₁₂H₁₇NO₂	119.16	1.038	101	520.2	105-59-9
二异丙胺（DIPA）	C₆H₁₅N	101.10	0.722	0.40（298K）	357	108-18-9
2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇（AMP）	C₄H₁₁NO	89.14	0.934	102（303K）	438.6	124-68-5
二甲基乙醇胺（DMEA）	C₄H₁₁NO	89.14	0.888	3.80	407.4	108-01-0
二乙胺乙醇（DEEA）	C₆H₁₅NO	117.19	0.884	5.10	434.2	100-37-8
2-甲基-1,5-二氨基戊烷（DA2MP）	C₆H₁₆N₂	116.21	0.86	2.63	465	15520-10-2
3-甲氨基丙胺（MAPA）	C₄H₁₂N₂	88.15	0.840	1.60	412-414	6291-84-5
二乙烯三胺（DETA）	C₄H₁₃N₃	103.17	0.955	7.14	477.2	111-40-0
羟乙基乙二胺（AEEA）	C₄H₁₂N₂O	104.15	1.030	155	516	111-41-1

组成成分（质量分数）	温度/K	压力	CO₂吸收能力	参考文献
30%单乙醇胺 + 10%~60% 1-丙醇	293~318	1.09bar	0~2.24mol/L	[53]
5%~15%单乙醇胺 + 30%~50%二甲氨基异丙醇	303~323	1bar	0.32~0.71mol/mol	[54]
25%~40%单乙醇胺 + 5%哌嗪	303	1bar	0.13~0.25mol/mol	[55]
9∶21, 15∶15, 21∶9羟乙基乙二胺∶二乙醇胺	393.15	477.4kPa	0.15~0.33mol/mol	[56]
4.5%甲基二乙醇胺 + 0.5%哌嗪	313	1bar	0.7mol/mol	[57]
0.1~0.3mol/L哌嗪 + 1.5~4mol/L 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇	293~323	90.66kPa	0.13~0.94mol/mol	[58]
0.5~2mol/L二乙胺乙醇 + 0.05~0.2mol/L 3-甲氨基丙胺	313.15	0~35MPa	0.05~0.15mol/mol	[59]
5%~25%二乙烯三胺 + 5%~25%哌嗪	313	1bar	0.3~0.483mol/kg	[60]
5%~10%单乙醇胺 + 1% 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇 + 1%~5%甲基二乙醇胺	313	—	0.1~0.44mol/mol	[61]
0.5mol/L二乙烯三胺 + 1.5mol/L 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇 + 3mol/L五甲基二乙烯三胺	313	1bar	3.17mol/L	[62]

组成成分（质量分数）	温度/K	压力	CO₂吸收能力	参考文献
30%单乙醇胺 + 10%~60% 1-丙醇	293~318	1.09bar	0~2.24mol/L	[53]
5%~15%单乙醇胺 + 30%~50%二甲氨基异丙醇	303~323	1bar	0.32~0.71mol/mol	[54]
25%~40%单乙醇胺 + 5%哌嗪	303	1bar	0.13~0.25mol/mol	[55]
9∶21, 15∶15, 21∶9羟乙基乙二胺∶二乙醇胺	393.15	477.4kPa	0.15~0.33mol/mol	[56]
4.5%甲基二乙醇胺 + 0.5%哌嗪	313	1bar	0.7mol/mol	[57]
0.1~0.3mol/L哌嗪 + 1.5~4mol/L 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇	293~323	90.66kPa	0.13~0.94mol/mol	[58]
0.5~2mol/L二乙胺乙醇 + 0.05~0.2mol/L 3-甲氨基丙胺	313.15	0~35MPa	0.05~0.15mol/mol	[59]
5%~25%二乙烯三胺 + 5%~25%哌嗪	313	1bar	0.3~0.483mol/kg	[60]
5%~10%单乙醇胺 + 1% 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇 + 1%~5%甲基二乙醇胺	313	—	0.1~0.44mol/mol	[61]
0.5mol/L二乙烯三胺 + 1.5mol/L 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇 + 3mol/L五甲基二乙烯三胺	313	1bar	3.17mol/L	[62]

捕集材料	缺点	优点	提高吸收性能的方法
胺吸收液
单乙醇胺（MEA）	● 高腐蚀性 ● 再生能量需求高	● 高吸收率 ● 可规模化应用 ● 成本低	● 使用两胺或者多胺混合物 ● 使用非水溶剂 ● 添加促进剂 ● 改进工艺
二乙醇胺（DEA）	● 氧气存在时产生腐蚀性酸 ● 不能携带低压气体	● 低腐蚀性 ● 低发泡性
三乙醇胺（TEA）	● 相对单乙醇胺，吸收率低	● 成本低 ● 再生能量需求低
二异丙胺（DIPA）	● CO₂吸收效果差	● 无腐蚀性 ● 再生能量需求低
哌嗪（PZ）	● 浓度使用有限	● 高的吸收能力，是MEA的两倍
羟乙基乙二胺（AEEA）	● 溶剂降解	● 高的CO₂吸收能力 ● 高的吸收循环能力
2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇（AMP）	● 与单乙醇胺相比，传质效果差	● 高的CO₂吸收能力 ● 低腐蚀性
氨溶液	● NH₃的高挥发性 ● 反应速率慢 ● 与胺反应相比更复杂 ● 不能将产品气体中的二氧化碳含量降低到非常低的水平	● 与单乙醇胺相比，反应过程的热量低 ● 不受COS、CS₂、HCN和H₂S的影响 ● 除CO₂外，还可以去除SO₂、NO _x 和汞 ● 生产增值化学品，如硫酸铵和硝酸铵	● 酸洗和水洗 ● 膜法 ● 添加抑制剂 ● 参数优化 ● 工艺改进
碳酸盐溶液	● 孔隙易堵塞 ● 再生温度高 ● 反应速度慢，传质小 ● 不适合从低CO₂分压源捕获CO₂，因为碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐的溶解度有限	● 成本低 ● 降解和腐蚀性低 ● 高温吸收，易解吸	● 添加促进剂 ● 腐蚀抑制剂（重铬酸钾、乙二胺四乙酸、碳酸铜） ● 改进反应动力学 ● 改善工艺
离子液体	● 高黏度，限制了传质速率 ● 新的离子液合成成本相对较高	● 非挥发性 ● 高CO₂溶解度 ● 高CO₂选择性	● 增加阳离子上的烷基链 ● 添加或接枝官能团（胺、氨基酸、酚、唑类）
相变吸收剂溶液	● 溶剂的动力学和热力学的研究不够完善 ● CO₂负载量的增加导致富相溶剂黏度变高	● 显著降低了用于CO₂捕集的能量使用和设备成本	● 添加促进剂 ● 双相溶剂
碱性氢氧化物溶液	● 容易在工艺再沸器及管线内沉淀 ● 与碳酸盐相比，氢氧化物不容易用温和的热或压力摆动产生	● 低溶剂成本 ● 高可及性 ● 低毒性和非挥发性	● 参数优化 ● 添加促进剂

液体吸收剂捕集燃烧后CO₂的研究进展

Advances in research on capture of post-combustion carbon dioxide by liquid adsorbents

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