化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 6507-6517.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0180

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇    

天然气藏中酸气H2S与CO2协同转化研究进展

于姗1,2(), 张洪华1,2, 付梦瑶1,2, 段元刚1,2, 段超1,2, 黄靖元1,2, 唐春1,2, 黄泽皑1,2, 周莹1,2()   

  1. 1.油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610500
    2.西南石油大学新能源与材料学院,四川 成都 610500
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-13 修回日期:2023-04-15 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2024-01-08
  • 通讯作者: 于姗,周莹
  • 作者简介:于姗(1986—),女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为天然气资源的清洁利用。E-mail:yushan@swpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22002123);四川省科技厅项目(2022YFSY0052)

Research progress on synergistic conversion of acid gas H2S and CO2 in natural gas

YU Shan1,2(), ZHANG Honghua1,2, FU Mengyao1,2, DUAN Yuangang1,2, DUAN Chao1,2, HUANG Jingyuan1,2, TANG Chun1,2, HUANG Ze’ai1,2, ZHOU Ying1,2()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
    2.School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2023-02-13 Revised:2023-04-15 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2024-01-08
  • Contact: YU Shan, ZHOU Ying

摘要:

为保障国家能源安全,减少我国对国外油气资源的依存度,必须加大对国内天然气等资源的开发。在天然气的开采净化过程中,往往会产生酸气H2S与CO2等。现有酸气处理技术主要通过克劳斯工艺回收得到H2S中的硫黄,并未对CO2进行处理,造成了氢资源的浪费和严重的碳排放。如果能将H2S与CO2协同转化,则有望在减少碳排放的同时得到氢气、合成气和硫黄高值化学品。本文基于国内外30多年相关领域的实验研究和理论模拟,总结阐述了H2S与CO2协同转化的发展历史,并分别从热反应(直接热反应、工艺流程和经济性评估、催化热分解)、光催化、电催化和等离子体催化角度详细综述了H2S与CO2协同转化的研究进展。从催化剂、反应条件和反应产物分布等方面展开了细致的分析,对比了各种技术的优缺点。展望了H2S与CO2协同转化的发展趋势,近期可考虑使用绿电进行电催化技术的小规模应用示范;同时可以考虑通过太阳光储热的方式减小热催化技术的碳排放,或通过太阳能聚光等方式提升光催化技术的催化效率等。此外,在后续研究中,必须结合酸性气藏的特点,考虑不同的H2S/CO2比例或是H2O等杂质分子对反应过程的影响。

关键词: 催化, 硫化氢, 二氧化碳, 化学反应, 活性

Abstract:

In order to ensure national energy security and reduce our dependence on foreign oil and gas resources, it is necessary to enhance the exploration of domestic natural gas and other resources. During the exploitation and purification of natural gas, acid gas H2S and CO2 are often produced. Existing acid gas treatment technologies mainly recover the sulfur in H2S through the Claus process, which leaves CO2 untreated and results in the waste of hydrogen and serious carbon emissions. If H2S and CO2 can be synergistically converted, it is expected to reduce carbon emissions and obtain high-value chemicals such as hydrogen, syngas and sulfur simultaneously. Based on the experimental and theoretical researches of more than 30 years in related fields worldwide, this paper reviews the development history of synergistic conversion of H2S and CO2, and summarizes the relevant research progress from the perspectives of thermal reaction (direct thermal reaction, process flow and economic evaluation, catalytic thermal decomposition), photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and plasma catalysis. Detailed information on catalysts, reaction conditions and distribution of reaction products is presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are compared. The development trend of the synergistic conversion of H2S and CO2 is prospected and the use of green electricity for small-scale application of electrocatalysis technology in the near future is suggested. At the same time, it is feasible to reduce the carbon emission of thermal catalytic technology through solar heat storage and improve the photocatalytic efficiency through concentration of solar energy. In addition, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of acid gas reservoirs in future studies, including the influence of different H2S/CO2 ratios and impurities such as H2O on the reaction process.

Key words: catalysis, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, chemical reaction, reactivity

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