石油树脂加氢催化剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高端氢化石油树脂应用广泛，市场需求逐年增加，如何实现高效生产高品质氢化石油树脂是该领域研究的重点。高品质氢化石油树脂的生产主要是采用催化加氢技术，开发高效稳定的加氢催化剂是关键的技术环节。本文针对催化剂加氢效率低、树脂分子扩散与吸附困难、加氢反应条件苛刻等问题，重点综述了近年来研究者为解决上述难点在催化剂金属活性组分组成、几何与电子结构、载体形貌与孔结构设计等方面的研究成果。提出催化剂中金属活性位点的分散度、位点分布情况、价态调控及复合金属间的协同作用是调控催化剂性能的关键。同时，对目前石油树脂加氢催化剂活性位点设计、反应机理、催化剂失活再生机制等方面进行总结并展望催化剂的未来发展方向。

关键词: 石油树脂, 树脂改性, 工艺流程, 催化加氢, 金属催化剂

Abstract:

Hydrogenated petroleum resins have wide application in high-end fields, and the demand for high-quality petroleum resins has increased year by year. Efficient production of high-quality hydrogenated petroleum resin has become the research focus in the field. High-quality petroleum resin is mainly produced by hydrogenation of raw resin materials and efficient and stable hydrogenation catalysts are the key. However, the resin hydrogenation system still suffers from problems such as poor hydrogenation performance, low diffusion of resin in catalyst pores and harsh reaction conditions. This review summaries the research progress in terms of rational design of active components, geometric and electronic structure, support morphology and pore structure. Highlighting the effect of the dispersion of metal active sites, active sites distribution, valence states engineering together with synergy between composite metal are the key factors to regulate the performance of catalyst. At the same time, the problems such as the reaction mechanism, the deactivation and regeneration mechanism of active sites and the development trend of hydrogenation catalysts in the future were summarized.

Key words: petroleum resin, resin modification, technological process, catalytic hydrogenation, metal catalyst

中图分类号:

TQ322

赵晖, 王高伟, 李茂帅, 马新宾. 石油树脂加氢催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6310-6324.

ZHAO Hui, WANG Gaowei, LI Maoshuai, MA Xinbin. Recent advance in catalysts for petroleum resin hydrogenation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(12): 6310-6324.

图/表 12

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催化剂	分散助剂	镍质量分数/%	金属颗粒尺寸/nm	分散度/%	加氢率/%	参考文献
Ni/SFCC	—	5.13	6.98	20.65	45.1	[59]
Ni/SFCC-CD	β-环糊精	5.19	3.48	29.08	92.7	[59]
Ni/PFC3R	—	12.84	—	6.05	69.3	[60]
Ni-PVP/PFC3R	吡咯烷酮	12.79	—	9.21	97.4	[60]
Ni/FC3R	—	12.30	22.50	7.30	76.4	[61]
Ni-PEG1000/FC3R	聚乙二醇	12.50	12.30	10.10	98.4	[61]

催化剂	分散助剂	镍质量分数/%	金属颗粒尺寸/nm	分散度/%	加氢率/%	参考文献
Ni/SFCC	—	5.13	6.98	20.65	45.1	[59]
Ni/SFCC-CD	β-环糊精	5.19	3.48	29.08	92.7	[59]
Ni/PFC3R	—	12.84	—	6.05	69.3	[60]
Ni-PVP/PFC3R	吡咯烷酮	12.79	—	9.21	97.4	[60]
Ni/FC3R	—	12.30	22.50	7.30	76.4	[61]
Ni-PEG1000/FC3R	聚乙二醇	12.50	12.30	10.10	98.4	[61]

催化剂	树脂类型	反应温度/℃	反应压力/MPa	反应时间或空速	加氢率/%	氢化树脂软化点/℃	氢化树脂色号	参考文献
Pd-Al₂O₃	C₉	250	7	8h	94	—	5.7	[27]
Pd/γ-Al₂O₃	C₉	260	4	3h^-1	约99	107	1	[63]
Pd-MgAlO-HT	DCPD	210	5	3h	96.5	104	0	[72]
PtPd@Al₂O₃	C₉	280	3	2h^-1	96.0	111	3	[74]
Ni/CA-FCC	C₉	230~270	4/8	2/4h	91.2	94	4	[58]
Ni/SFCC-CD	C₉	260	7	2h	92.7	—	1	[59]
Ni-PVP/PFC3R	C₉	270	8	4h	97.4	118	—	[60]
Ni-PEG1000/FC3R	C₉	270	6	4h	98.4	—	1	[61]
Ni/SFC3R	C₅	210~270	3~8	2~4h	96.4	89.5	1	[64]
Ni/C-400	C₉	210	6	2h	95.4	—	1	[62]
Ni/NCNTs	C₅	170	4	2h	95.5	—	1	[67]
Ni-CQDs/NCNs	C₉	150	6	2h	96.0	—	1	[68]
Ni-Mo/NCNTs	C₅	200	4	2h	94.8	—	—	[69]
Ni‑Cu/SiO₂	C₅	200	5	1.5h^-1	94.9	85	0.4	[65]
Ni‑Cu/SiO₂	C₉	200	5	1.5h^-1	96.3	96	0.6	[65]
CuNi/SiO₂	C₅	220	6	1.7h^-1	95.0	86	0.5	[70]
CuNi/SiO₂	C₉	220	6	1.7h^-1	96.4	95	0.6	[70]
Cu₁Ni₃-Al₂O₃	DCPD	250	8	6h^-1	98	85	1	[71]
Ni₂P/SiO₂	C₉	250	6	1h^-1	93.2	90.2	—	[75]
Ni₂P/Al₂O₃	C₅	250	5	2h^-1	96.9	—	1.3	[76]
Ni₂P/Al₂O₃	C₉	250	5	2h^-1	95.4	—	1.7	[76]
Ni/LaMgAl-MMO	C₅	220	5	1.5h^-1	95.4	86	0.5	[77]
Ni/LaMgAl-MMO	C₉	220	5	1.5h^-1	96.1	95	0.6	[77]

催化剂	树脂类型	反应温度/℃	反应压力/MPa	反应时间或空速	加氢率/%	氢化树脂软化点/℃	氢化树脂色号	参考文献
Pd-Al₂O₃	C₉	250	7	8h	94	—	5.7	[27]
Pd/γ-Al₂O₃	C₉	260	4	3h^-1	约99	107	1	[63]
Pd-MgAlO-HT	DCPD	210	5	3h	96.5	104	0	[72]
PtPd@Al₂O₃	C₉	280	3	2h^-1	96.0	111	3	[74]
Ni/CA-FCC	C₉	230~270	4/8	2/4h	91.2	94	4	[58]
Ni/SFCC-CD	C₉	260	7	2h	92.7	—	1	[59]
Ni-PVP/PFC3R	C₉	270	8	4h	97.4	118	—	[60]
Ni-PEG1000/FC3R	C₉	270	6	4h	98.4	—	1	[61]
Ni/SFC3R	C₅	210~270	3~8	2~4h	96.4	89.5	1	[64]
Ni/C-400	C₉	210	6	2h	95.4	—	1	[62]
Ni/NCNTs	C₅	170	4	2h	95.5	—	1	[67]
Ni-CQDs/NCNs	C₉	150	6	2h	96.0	—	1	[68]
Ni-Mo/NCNTs	C₅	200	4	2h	94.8	—	—	[69]
Ni‑Cu/SiO₂	C₅	200	5	1.5h^-1	94.9	85	0.4	[65]
Ni‑Cu/SiO₂	C₉	200	5	1.5h^-1	96.3	96	0.6	[65]
CuNi/SiO₂	C₅	220	6	1.7h^-1	95.0	86	0.5	[70]
CuNi/SiO₂	C₉	220	6	1.7h^-1	96.4	95	0.6	[70]
Cu₁Ni₃-Al₂O₃	DCPD	250	8	6h^-1	98	85	1	[71]
Ni₂P/SiO₂	C₉	250	6	1h^-1	93.2	90.2	—	[75]
Ni₂P/Al₂O₃	C₅	250	5	2h^-1	96.9	—	1.3	[76]
Ni₂P/Al₂O₃	C₉	250	5	2h^-1	95.4	—	1.7	[76]
Ni/LaMgAl-MMO	C₅	220	5	1.5h^-1	95.4	86	0.5	[77]
Ni/LaMgAl-MMO	C₉	220	5	1.5h^-1	96.1	95	0.6	[77]

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