聚苯胺/碳纳米管气敏材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0787

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚苯胺具有良好的氧化还原性和环境稳定性以及优异的导电性，是一种良好的气敏材料。但是聚苯胺的共轭离域结构使其在中性和碱性环境中的应用受到制约。碳纳米管具有比表面积大、可在常温下表现出对于不同气体良好的吸附能力的特点，但是单纯的碳纳米管对气体的吸附选择性较差。文章主要介绍了采取金属、金属氧化物或者聚合物掺杂等不同手段改性的聚苯胺、碳纳米管以及聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料分别作为气敏材料的气敏性能及气敏机理的研究进展，得出经过改性的聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料具备更加优良的气敏特性，但也指出存在复合材料各部分协同作用机理尚不明确，除氨气外其余气体的气敏反应机理研究较少的问题，提出未来应进一步探索复合材料气敏反应机理与复合材料各部分的协同作用机制，设计出所需要材料的分子结构，进而有针对性地对聚苯胺和碳纳米管进行功能化掺杂，合成优良的复合气敏材料。

关键词: 聚合物, 纳米材料, 复合材料, 聚苯胺, 碳纳米管, 改性, 气敏性能, 气敏机理

Abstract:

Polyaniline has the advantages of good redox properties, environmental stability and excellent electrical conductivity, and thus polyaniline is a good gas-sensing material. However, the conjugated delocalized structure of polyaniline restricts its application in neutral and alkaline environments. Carbon nanotubes have the characteristics of large specific surface area and can show good adsorption capacity for different gases at room temperature, but simple carbon nanotubes have poor adsorption selectivity to gases. This paper mainly introduces the gas-sensing properties and gas-sensing mechanism of polyaniline, carbon nanotubes and polyaniline/carbon nanotube composites modified by different means such as metal, metal oxide or polymer doping as gas-sensing materials. The research progress shows that the modified polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite material has better gas-sensing properties, but it is also pointed out that the synergistic mechanism of each part of the composite material is not clear, and there are few studies on the gas-sensing reaction of other gases except ammonia gas. It is proposed that in the future the gas-sensing reaction mechanism of the composite material and the synergistic mechanism of each part of the composite material should be further explored, the molecular structure of the required material should be designed, and then the function of polyaniline and carbon nanotubes should be targeted with chemical doping to synthesize excellent composite gas-sensing materials.

Key words: polymer, nanomaterials, composite material, polyaniline, carbon nanotubes, modify, gas sensing performance, gas sensing mechanism

中图分类号:

TB34

薛博, 杨婷婷, 王雪峰. 聚苯胺/碳纳米管气敏材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1448-1456.

XUE Bo, YANG Tingting, WANG Xuefeng. Research progress of polyaniline/carbon nanotube gas sensing materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1448-1456.

图/表 4

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