泡沫灭火剂中全氟辛烷磺酸类物质的管控行为及替代物研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1037

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (S1): 340-350.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1037

泡沫灭火剂中全氟辛烷磺酸类物质的管控行为及替代物研究进展

张清清¹(), 毕海普¹(), 舒中俊¹, 欧红香¹, 王尚彬¹, 王钧奇², 潘煜²

^1.常州大学环境与安全工程学院，江苏常州 213164
^2.江苏锁龙消防科技股份有限公司，江苏兴化 225753

收稿日期:2022-06-06 修回日期:2022-07-03 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-11-10
通讯作者: 毕海普
作者简介:张清清（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为火灾事故风险分析、灭火技术。E-mail：1575962626@qq.com。
基金资助:
常州市重点研发计划(CE20205051);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX22-3117);江苏省科技副总项目(FZ20211438);2020工信部环保安全技术服务平台项目(2020-0107-3-1);江苏高校青蓝工程人才项目

Research progress on control behaviors and substitutes of PFOS in foam extinguishing agents

ZHANG Qingqing¹(), BI Haipu¹(), SHU Zhongjun¹, OU Hongxiang¹, WANG Shangbin¹, WANG Junqi², PAN Yi²

^1.School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
^2.Jiangsu Sublong Fire Science and Technology Co. , Ltd. , Xinghua 225753, Jiangsu, China

Received:2022-06-06 Revised:2022-07-03 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-11-10
Contact: BI Haipu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS）使水成膜泡沫灭火剂（aqueous film forming foam，AFFF）具有较好的耐高温和抗烧能力，但由于PFOS的难降解性、生物富集性及毒性，国内外相继对PFOS类物质进行了管控。本文简述和分析了泡沫灭火剂中PFOS类物质的管控行为及替代物研究，分析表明管控行动逐步从限制走向淘汰，研究泡沫灭火剂中PFOS类物质的替代物极为迫切；替代物的研究方向主要有两个，一个是泡沫灭火剂中短氟碳链类表面活性剂研究及短氟碳链泡沫灭火剂的灭火效果验证，但短氟碳链类表面活性剂可能存在长期环境持久性的问题；另一个是泡沫灭火剂中无氟类表面活性剂的研究，如有机硅表面活性剂、甜菜碱型表面活性剂、纯化皂苷表面活性剂，但无氟类表面活性剂可能会影响无氟泡沫灭火剂的表面活性、灭火能力、灭火效果等。泡沫灭火剂中PFOS类物质的替代物研发尚任重而道远。

关键词: 泡沫灭火剂, 氟碳表面活性剂, 全氟辛烷磺酸, 全氟辛烷磺酸替代品, 泡沫, 表面活性剂, 安全

Abstract:

Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) extinguishing agent performs well in terms of high temperature resistance and fire resistance because of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). However, PFOS substances have been controlled successively internationally due to its difficult biodegradability, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Control behaviors and substitutes researches of PFOS in foam extinguishing agents are briefly summered and analyzed in this paper. The results showed that control behaviors are gradually from restriction to elimination, and it is extremely urgent to research and develop new substitutes of PFOS in foam extinguishing agent. There are two research directions of new PFOS substitutes, one of which is the research of short fluorocarbon-chain surfactants in foam extinguishing agent and the verification of its fire extinguishing effect, but there may be long-term environmental durability problem. The another is the research of fluorine-free surfactants, such as silicone surfactant, betaine surfactant and purified saponin surfactant, in foam extinguishing agent, however, the surface activity, fire extinguishing capability and the fire extinguishing efficiency of foam extinguishing agent with these fluorine-free surfactants may be affected. Thus, it is a tough challenge to research and develop new PFOS substitutes in foam extinguishing agent in future.

Key words: fire extinguishing agent, fluorocarbon surfactant, PFOS, PFOS substitute, foam, surfactants, safety

中图分类号:

张清清, 毕海普, 舒中俊, 欧红香, 王尚彬, 王钧奇, 潘煜. 泡沫灭火剂中全氟辛烷磺酸类物质的管控行为及替代物研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 340-350.

ZHANG Qingqing, BI Haipu, SHU Zhongjun, OU Hongxiang, WANG Shangbin, WANG Junqi, PAN Yi. Research progress on control behaviors and substitutes of PFOS in foam extinguishing agents[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(S1): 340-350.

图/表 2

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泡沫灭火剂中全氟辛烷磺酸类物质的管控行为及替代物研究进展

Research progress on control behaviors and substitutes of PFOS in foam extinguishing agents

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