低温下磁性载体强化MBBR硝化性能及微生物群落分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0843

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了增强生物膜耐寒性，提高低温环境下移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）硝化性能，本文以投加磁性载体构建新型MBBR反应器（R2），同时以投加商用载体作为对照组（R1），在不同温度（14℃±1℃和9℃±1℃）下长期运行，考察了低温下磁性载体对反应器污染物去除性能和生物膜生长特性的影响，并利用高通量测序技术探究了生物膜微生物的响应关系。结果表明：在整个低温运行阶段（0~60天），R2对COD和氨氮去除效果均优于R1。特别在9℃±1℃时，R1和R2出水氨氮平均浓度分别为11.94mg/L、7.60mg/L，R2对氨氮平均去除率比R1提高了16.2%。低温下，磁性载体明显提高了生物膜硝化活性，并促进了胞外聚合物（EPS）分泌，维持和改善了生物膜的形貌结构。高通量测序结果显示，9℃±1℃下不同载体生物膜的微生物群落结构存在显著差异。两种载体的大多数优势属均能降解有机物；磁性载体富集了更多的硝化菌属，其氨氧化细菌（AOB）和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（NOB）的相对丰度比商用载体分别提高了1.82倍和1.05倍，并且驯化富集了MND1和Candidatus_Nitrotoga 两种特有硝化菌属。从生物膜特性和硝化菌群丰度的角度解释了两个反应器氨氮去除效果的差异性，表明低温下磁性载体MBBR具有更好的硝化性能，可进一步开发应用。

关键词: 低温, 磁性载体, 移动床生物膜反应器, 硝化性能, 微生物群落结构

Abstract:

Novel moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was constructed by adding magnetic carriers (named by R2) in order to enhance the cold resistance of biofilm and improve the nitrification performance of MBBR at low temperature. Meanwhile, the traditional MBBR with commercial carriers was taken as the control group (named by R1). R1 and R2 were operated at various temperatures (14℃±1℃ and 9℃±1℃) for a long time. The effects of magnetic carrier on the pollutants removal performance and biofilm growth characteristics in MBBR were investigated at low temperature. In addition, the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the microbial response relation in biofilm. The results showed that the COD and ammonium removal efficiency of R2 was better than R1 during the whole low temperature operation period (0—60d). At 9℃±1℃, the ammonium average concentration of effluent of R1 and R2 were 11.94mg/L and 7.60mg/L, respectively. The ammonium removal rate of R2 was 16.2% higher than that of R1. At low temperature, magnetic carrier significantly improved biofilm nitrification activity. And magnetic carrier promoted the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biofilm, which maintained and improved the structure of biofilm. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing results showed that there were significant differences in biofilm microbial community structure among different carriers at 9℃±1℃. Most dominant genera in the two carriers could degrade organic matter. More nitrifiers were found in magnetic carrier. The relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were increased by 1.82 and 1.05 times, respectively, compared to the commercial carrier. Furthermore, Nitrifiers (MND1and Candidatus_Nitrotoga)were found only in magnetic carrier. The study explained the difference of ammonium removal efficiency between the two reactors from the point of biofilm characteristics and nitrifiers abundance, which showed that magnetic carriers MBBR has better nitrification performance at low temperature.

Key words: low temperature, magnetic carrier, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), nitrification performance, microbial community structure

中图分类号:

X703.1

敬双怡, 刘超, 蔡怡婷, 李卫平, 于玲红, 侯娜. 低温下磁性载体强化MBBR硝化性能及微生物群落分析[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 2180-2190.

JING Shuangyi, LIU Chao, CAI Yiting, LI Weiping, YU Linghong, HOU Na. Enhancement of nitrification performance of MBBR at low temperature by magnetic carrier and its microbial community analysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 2180-2190.

图/表 10

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载体类型	磁感应强度/mT	zeta电位^①/mV	静态水接触角/(°)
商用载体	0	-79.3	91.9
磁性载体	0.5	0.7	75.1

载体类型	磁感应强度/mT	zeta电位^①/mV	静态水接触角/(°)
商用载体	0	-79.3	91.9
磁性载体	0.5	0.7	75.1

载体类型	SAUR/mg·(g SS·h)^-1	SNUR/mg·(g SS·h)^-1
商用载体	1.19±0.12	1.28±0.05
磁性载体	2.97±0.20	3.97±0.05

载体类型	SAUR/mg·(g SS·h)^-1	SNUR/mg·(g SS·h)^-1
商用载体	1.19±0.12	1.28±0.05
磁性载体	2.97±0.20	3.97±0.05

载体类型	EPS分层	占总EPS含量比例/%	ρ(多糖)/mg·g^-1	ρ(蛋白质)/mg·g^-1	蛋白质/多糖
商用载体	Slime	30.98	10.35±0.12	11.63±0.20	1.12
	LB-EPS	8.48	3.66±0.06	2.36±0.07	0.64
	TB-EPS	60.54	10.84±0.09	32.11±0.26	2.96
磁性载体	Slime	48.99	24.50±0.14	46.31±0.45	1.89
	LB-EPS	12.53	9.24±0.07	8.87±0.30	0.96
	TB-EPS	38.48	19.92±0.28	35.70±0.44	1.79