高模量沥青及其混合料低温性能研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1474

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高模量沥青混合料因其出众的抗车辙性能和抗疲劳性能成为构建重载交通长寿命路面的理想材料，但低温性能差成为制约其应用和发展的最重要因素。近年来，如何改善高模量沥青及其混合料低温性能成为了路面领域的研究热点。本文综述了在胶结料中添加热塑性弹性体、油基改性剂、纳米材料以及在混合料中添加纤维这4种主要技术路径，重点阐述了这4种技术路径的改性材料用量、改性工艺参数与改性效果之间的关联，并对其改性机理进行总结。最后展望了高模量沥青及其混合料在低温性能方面的未来研究重点和发展趋势，即旨在克服高模量沥青混合料应用范围的限制，进而推动高模量沥青混合料在重载长寿命路面中的应用。

关键词: 道路工程, 长寿命路面, 高模量沥青混合料, 低温性能

Abstract:

High modulus asphalt mixture has become a favorable material for constructing long-life road with heavy traffic because of its outstanding rutting resistance and fatigue resistance. However, insufficient low temperature performance is the most important factor restricting its application and development. In recent years, how to improve the low temperature performance of high modulus asphalt and mixture has become a research focus in the field of pavement. This paper reviewed the four improving main technics of adding thermoplastic elastomers, oil-based modifiers, inorganic powder materials to the binder and fibers to the mixture. The relationship between the amount of modified material, modification process parameters and modification effect of these four improving technics was emphatically expounded, and the modification mechanism was summarized. Finally, the future research emphases and development trend of high modulus asphalt and mixture in low temperature performance were discussed, aiming to overcome the limitation of application scope of high modulus asphalt mixture and promote the application of high modulus asphalt mixture in long-life road with heavy traffic.

Key words: road engineering, long-life pavement, high modulus asphalt mixture, low temperature performance

中图分类号:

TU535

李昊, 郭荣鑫, 晏永. 高模量沥青及其混合料低温性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 351-365.

LI Hao, GUO Rongxin, YAN Yong. Low temperature performance of high modulus asphalt binder and mixtures: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(S1): 351-365.

图/表 20

图1 发文量情况统计

图2 关键词可视化分析

表1 高模量沥青胶结料低温性能技术指标[14-17]

标准	技术指标
标准	延度（25℃，5cm/min）/cm	劲度模量（-12℃）/MPa	蠕变速率（-12℃）	破坏应变（-12℃）/%	延度（25℃，5cm/min）/cm
沥青状态	原样	TFOT	—	PAV	—
山西地方标准	≥10	—	—	—		—
青海地方标准	—	≥15	—	—		—
安徽地方标准	≥10	—	—	—		—
辽宁地方标准	—	—	≤300	≥0.3		≥1.0

表2 高模量沥青混合料低温性能技术指标[9-17]

标准	低温小梁弯曲应变（-10℃）/ $μ ε$
国家标准	≥2000
中国公路学会团标	≥2000
河北地方标准	≥2200
辽宁地方标准	≥1900
山东地方标准	≥2000
黑龙江地方标准	≥2800（上面层）		≥2600（中、下面层）
山西地方标准	≥2000（1-3，2-3）		≥2300（2-2）
安徽地方标准	≥2000（1-3，2-3，1-4，2-4）	≥2300（1-2，2-2，3-2）	≥2600（1-1，2-1）
青海地方标准	≥2500（冬冷区）	≥2800（冬寒区）	≥3000（冬严寒区）

表2 高模量沥青混合料低温性能技术指标[9-17]

标准	低温小梁弯曲应变（-10℃）/ $μ ε$
国家标准	≥2000
中国公路学会团标	≥2000
河北地方标准	≥2200
辽宁地方标准	≥1900
山东地方标准	≥2000
黑龙江地方标准	≥2800（上面层）		≥2600（中、下面层）
山西地方标准	≥2000（1-3，2-3）		≥2300（2-2）
安徽地方标准	≥2000（1-3，2-3，1-4，2-4）	≥2300（1-2，2-2，3-2）	≥2600（1-1，2-1）
青海地方标准	≥2500（冬冷区）	≥2800（冬寒区）	≥3000（冬严寒区）

图3 三种不同沥青的表面微观形貌[27]

表3 热塑性性弹性体改性剂掺量及掺加工艺

改性剂名称	高模量沥青种类	掺量	掺加工艺	参考文献
SBS	50^#沥青	5%~15％	180℃下剪切20min	［7］
	高模量剂	5％、6％	—	［28］
	岩沥青	4%~8％	以4000~5000r/min的速率在180℃下剪切60min	［30］
		2％、4％	在170℃下以1000r/min剪切10min后调速至5000r/min剪切45min	［32］
		2％	在175℃下以2500r/min搅拌30min后再以5000r/min剪切30min	［33］
		4％	干法掺加，将BRA直接掺加到SBS改性沥青混合料中	［34］
SBR	高模量剂	2%~4％	升温至170℃搅拌20min后以3000r/min的速率剪切30min	［35］
	高模量剂	4％	—	［36］
	岩沥青	2%~8％	在160~170℃，1000r/min下缓慢加入SBR，添加完成后调整转速至3000r/min剪切20min	［37］
		2%~8％	165℃以3000r/min剪切30min	［38］
		2%~8％	165℃将SBR与BRA加入，以3000r/min的速率剪切30min	［39］
		3％、5％	140℃下以4000r/min的速率剪切25~30min	［40］
废胶粉	高模量剂	5%~15％	添加胶粉后，将沥青置于140℃下的烘箱中发育，完成后在180~185℃下以5000r/min的速率剪切45min	［43］
	高模量剂	4%~12％	添加胶粉后在150℃下搅拌30min，加热至170~180℃以3000~4000r/min的速率剪切30min	［44］
	岩沥青	14％、18％	180℃下搅拌30min后加入稳定剂，以5000r/min的速率剪切30min	［33］
	岩沥青	10%~18％	在170℃下将胶粉与岩沥青同时加入，并在175℃下以2500r/min的速率剪切30min	［45］

图4 SBS改善高模量沥青低温性能[7,29,32,34]

图5 SBR改善高模量沥青低温性能[35,38,40-42]

表4 SBR改善高模量沥青及其混合料性能指标争议梳理

指标	SBR种类	提升的文献	降低的文献
针入度	胶乳	［38，41］	［42］
相位角	粉末	［37］	［39-41］
相位角	胶乳	［39，41］	［38，40］
动稳定度	胶乳	［42］	［41］
抗水损害	粉末	［35-36］	［41］

图6 废胶粉改善高模量沥青低温性能[46-47]

图7 基质沥青与 SBS改性沥青荧光显微图[51-52]

图8 SBR/岩沥青复合改性沥青与基质沥青FTIR图[37]

图9 基质沥青与橡胶沥青表面微观形貌[53]

表5 油基改性剂掺量及掺加工艺

高模量沥青种类	掺量	掺加工艺	参考文献
岩沥青	3%~9％	搅拌15min后在135℃下以3000r/min的速度剪切20min	［55］
岩沥青	2%~6％	160℃加入生物油以1500r/min的速率搅拌10min后加入岩沥青，搅拌30min后再以3000r/min的速率剪切30min	［56］
岩沥青	—	160℃时加入岩沥青以1500r/min的速率搅拌均匀后，以3000r/min的速率剪切60min，最后降温至140℃，加入生物沥青后低速搅拌30min	［57］
50^#沥青	0~30％	105℃时掺入生物沥青以1500r/min的速率搅拌均匀	［58］

图10 生物油改性沥青FTIR图[63]

表6 部分纳米材料改性剂掺量及掺加工艺

纳米材料种类	掺量	掺加工艺	参考文献
纳米二氧化硅	1%~3％	170℃将岩沥青与纳米二氧化硅加入沥青中手动搅拌20min后以5000r/min的速率剪切30min	［29］
纳米碳酸钙	5％、10％	140℃下以4000r/min的速率剪切25~30min	［40］
纳米二氧化硅	1％	170℃将岩沥青与纳米二氧化硅加入沥青中手动搅拌20min后以5000r/min的速率剪切30min后保温发育2h	［64］
硅藻土	7％、9％	150℃时加入岩沥青和硅藻土，升温至175℃保温1h后以3000r/min的速率剪切30min	［65］
纳米气凝胶	1%~3％	150℃时加入岩沥青，升温至160℃时保温发育1h后加入纳米气凝胶并搅拌15min，最后以5000r/min的速率剪切40~60min	［66］
纳米聚合物	10%~30％（纳米材料与岩沥青）	135℃时加入复合改性剂，升温至175℃以3000r/min的速率剪切1h	［67］

图11 纳米材料改善高模量沥青低温性能[29,40,66-67]

图12 纳米碳酸钙改性沥青机理[68]

表7 纤维掺量及掺加工艺

纤维种类	掺量	掺加工艺	参考文献
聚酯纤维	0.3％	干拌	［69］
丙烯酸纤维	0.3％	干拌	［70］
玄武岩纤维	0.3％	干拌	［71］
芳纶纤维	0.05％	干拌	［72］
复合纤维	4％~10％（沥青质量），0.35％	湿拌制备纤维改性高模量沥青及干拌	［73］

图13 纤维改性沥青混合料表面微观形貌[76]

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