辐射冷却材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0937

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球变暖的趋势加剧，人类生存环境受到严重威胁，发展节能环保的冷却降温技术迫在眉睫。辐射冷却材料由于其不消耗能源便可辐射散热等特性引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注，但同时其存在着制备复杂、成本较高、耐候性较差等问题，导致其在实际应用中受到限制。目前，对于各类辐射冷却材料性能的优化是辐射冷却领域的核心课题。本文从辐射冷却机理出发，对近几年来辐射冷却材料的相关研究进行归纳与总结，主要介绍了各类辐射冷却材料的设计思路，进一步阐述了辐射冷却材料应用于实际工业领域的性能情况。总结了目前辐射冷却材料仍面临的问题与发展趋势，指出进一步将不同类别的辐射冷却材料进行合理结合，以及根据当地环境特点对材料的辐射冷却特性进行完整评估将是未来研究的主要方向。辐射冷却材料的研制与应用将对我国节能减排事业做出巨大贡献。

关键词: 辐射冷却, 热力学, 设计, 聚合物, 优化

Abstract:

With the trend of global warming, environmental pollution is worsening and the development of energy-saving technology is imminent. Radiative cooling materials have attracted increasing attention over the world because of their excellent heat-sinking capability without consuming energy. However, complicated preparation process, high cost and poor weather resistance limite their practical application. At present, the optimization of the properties of various radiation cooling materials becomes a hot issue. Based on the mechanism of radiation cooling, the research progress of several radiative cooling materials and their current limitations are reviewed. Finally, the development trend of radiative cooling materials is prospected. It is pointed out that the main research directions in the future are to combine different types of radiative cooling materials reasonably and to evaluate the radiative cooling properties of materials according to the local environmental characteristics. The research on the radiative cooling materials can make great contributions to China’s energy conservation and emission reduction industry.

Key words: radiation cooling, thermodynamics, design, polymers, optimization

中图分类号:

TB34

任首龙, 陆庭中, 唐波, 高颖, 戴远哲, 吉利, 赵胜悟. 辐射冷却材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 1982-1993.

REN Shoulong, LU Tingzhong, TANG Bo, GAO Ying, DAI Yuanzhe, JI li, ZHAO Shengwu. Research progress on radiative cooling materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 1982-1993.

图/表 8

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辐射冷却材料种类	反射率	红外发射率	辐射冷却功率 /W·m^-2	降温幅度 /℃	文献来源
超材料	接近1	0.99	116.6	12.2	［13］
	0.9	>0.92	95.84	11.14	［14］
	0.95	>0.8	107	12	［15］
	0.965	>0.93	>105	40	［16］
	—	0.96	—	5.6	［17］
	—	0.9	—	13	［18］
	—	>0.93	93	—	［20］
聚合物	0.9	>0.9	127	8.7	［21］
	—	—	120	9.5	［22］
	—	—	300	2	［23］
	0.96±0.03	0.97±0.02	96	6	［24］
	0.96	0.95	—	6.2	［25］
	0.963	0.78	—	5	［26］
	0.51	0.89	—	15.6	［27］
	0.95	0.98	85	6~8.9	［29］
多层薄膜材料	0.97	0.8	40.1±4.1	4.9	［32］
	0.95	0.85	88	20	［33］
	0.97	0.75~0.77	100	—	［34］
	—	—	50~100	12.6	［35］
	0.95	0.87	—	8.2	［36］
	0.88	—	43	2.5	［38］

辐射冷却材料种类	反射率	红外发射率	辐射冷却功率 /W·m^-2	降温幅度 /℃	文献来源
超材料	接近1	0.99	116.6	12.2	［13］
	0.9	>0.92	95.84	11.14	［14］
	0.95	>0.8	107	12	［15］
	0.965	>0.93	>105	40	［16］
	—	0.96	—	5.6	［17］
	—	0.9	—	13	［18］
	—	>0.93	93	—	［20］
聚合物	0.9	>0.9	127	8.7	［21］
	—	—	120	9.5	［22］
	—	—	300	2	［23］
	0.96±0.03	0.97±0.02	96	6	［24］
	0.96	0.95	—	6.2	［25］
	0.963	0.78	—	5	［26］
	0.51	0.89	—	15.6	［27］
	0.95	0.98	85	6~8.9	［29］
多层薄膜材料	0.97	0.8	40.1±4.1	4.9	［32］
	0.95	0.85	88	20	［33］
	0.97	0.75~0.77	100	—	［34］
	—	—	50~100	12.6	［35］
	0.95	0.87	—	8.2	［36］
	0.88	—	43	2.5	［38］

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