废白土热脱附处理工艺参数及其残渣危险特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1132

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 5442-5449.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1132

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

废白土热脱附处理工艺参数及其残渣危险特性

王茂仁¹(), 赵安洋¹, 于婧雯², 时汉峰³, 黄启飘³, 汪世鹤³

^1.中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区工学院，新疆克拉玛依 834000
^2.新疆培训中心(新疆高技能人才培训中心、中国石油新疆油田技能人才评价中心)，新疆克拉玛依 834000
^3.克拉玛依金鑫油田环保工程有限公司，新疆克拉玛依 834000

收稿日期:2024-07-15 修回日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-09-30
通讯作者: 王茂仁
作者简介:王茂仁（1982—），男，博士，正高级工程师，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为“三废”治理及资源化、油田化学。E-mail：wangmaoren@cupk.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国石油大学（北京）克拉玛依校区联合基金(XQZX20240026);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划(2023)

Thermal desorption treatment process of waste clay and its hazardous characteristics of residues

WANG Maoren¹(), ZHAO Anyang¹, YU Jingwen², SHI Hanfeng³, HUANG Qipiao³, WANG Shihe³

^1.Engineering College, China University of Petroleum Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
^2.Xinjiang Training Center (Xinjiang Highly Skilled Talents Training Center, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Skilled Talents Evaluation Center), Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
^3.Karamay Jinxin Oilfield Environmental Protection Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2024-10-11 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-30
Contact: WANG Maoren

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

润滑油精制过程中产生的废白土吸附了大量石油类物质，采用热脱附法对其无害化处置速度快、油回收率高，但能耗也偏高，且其热脱附残渣危险特性认识不足。为此，以新疆某石化公司废白土为研究对象，基于工业热脱附装置运行能力，以残渣含油率和天然气消耗量为响应因子，采用响应曲面法优化运行工艺参数，并对残渣中无机元素、半挥发性和挥发性有机物、有机化合物测试分析，系统研究了废白土热脱附残渣危险特性。研究表明，该工业热脱附装置处理废白土最佳工艺为：停留时间（70±5）min、加热温度（595±5）℃、进料速度2.5~3t/h；热脱附残渣腐蚀性、易燃性、反应性、毒性物质均未超过危险废物鉴别系列标准（GB 5085.1~6—2007）的限值，不具危险废物属性；SEM表征结果显示废白土热脱附后表面吸附油相消失，残渣颗粒发生了聚集。研究所得结果可为废白土热脱附处置工业运行及其残渣污染物防控提供基础参考。

关键词: 废白土, 脱附, 残渣, 危险特性, 石油

Abstract:

The waste clay produced during the lubricating oil refining process has absorbed a large amount of petroleum substances. The thermal desorption method for its harmless disposal is fast and has a high oil recovery rate, but it also has high energy consumption. Furthermore, the hazardous characteristics of its thermal desorption residue are insufficiently understood. This study focused on the waste clay from a petrochemical company in Xinjiang, China, and optimized the operating parameters of the industrial thermal desorption device based on its operating capacity. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the operating process parameters, using the residue oil content and natural gas consumption response factors. In addition, the inorganic elements, semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds, and organic compounds in the residue were analyzed. The hazardous characteristics of thermal desorption residue waste clay were systematically studied. The research indicated that the optimal process for the industrial thermal desorption device to treat waste clay was as follows: residence time was (70±5)min, heating temperature was (595±5)℃, and feed rate was 2.5—3t/h. The thermal desorption residue was corrosive. The corrosivity, flammability, reactivity, and toxic substances did not exceed the limit value of the hazardous waste identification series standards (GB 5085.1~6—2007), which confirmed that the thermal desorption residue did not have hazardous waste attributes. SEM showed that the adsorbed oil phase on the surface of waste clay disappeared after thermal desorption, and the residue particles aggregated. This study can provide a basic reference for the industrial operation of waste clay thermal desorption treatment and the prevention and control of residual pollutants.

Key words: waste clay, desorption, residue, hazardous characteristics, petroleum

中图分类号:

X705

王茂仁, 赵安洋, 于婧雯, 时汉峰, 黄启飘, 汪世鹤. 废白土热脱附处理工艺参数及其残渣危险特性[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 5442-5449.

WANG Maoren, ZHAO Anyang, YU Jingwen, SHI Hanfeng, HUANG Qipiao, WANG Shihe. Thermal desorption treatment process of waste clay and its hazardous characteristics of residues[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 5442-5449.

图/表 10

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TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1	TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1
C₁₂	0.32	C₂₈	0.94
C₁₃	41.85	C₂₉	2.92
C₁₇	36.32	C₃₀	0.31
C₁₈	11.94	C₃₁	5.06
C₁₉	16.65	C₃₂	0.56
C₂₀	14.77	C₃₃	0.66
C₂₁	0.52	C₃₄	0.96
C₂₂	0.33	C₃₅	0.55
C₂₃	5.88	C₃₆	9.96
C₂₄	1.38	C₃₇	0.39
C₂₅	1.57	C₃₈	1.94
C₂₆	2.28	C₃₉	0.16
C₂₇	4.52	C₄₀	108.58

TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1	TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1
C₁₂	0.32	C₂₈	0.94
C₁₃	41.85	C₂₉	2.92
C₁₇	36.32	C₃₀	0.31
C₁₈	11.94	C₃₁	5.06
C₁₉	16.65	C₃₂	0.56
C₂₀	14.77	C₃₃	0.66
C₂₁	0.52	C₃₄	0.96
C₂₂	0.33	C₃₅	0.55
C₂₃	5.88	C₃₆	9.96
C₂₄	1.38	C₃₇	0.39
C₂₅	1.57	C₃₈	1.94
C₂₆	2.28	C₃₉	0.16
C₂₇	4.52	C₄₀	108.58

序号	加热温度（A）/℃	停留时间（B）/min	进料速率（C）/t·h^-1	石油烃含量/mg·kg^-1	天然气消耗量/m³·t^-1
1	450	90	3	2658	31.85
2	525	90	2	1665	33.35
3	450	75	4	4723	32.05
4	525	90	4	3541	35.22
5	525	75	3	822	24.28
6	525	75	3	928	24.73
7	600	75	2	282	20.09
8	600	75	3	715	18.12
9	535	60	2	1428	21.55
10	600	60	3	1631	17.81
11	600	90	3	388	24.83
12	450	60	3	2512	22.26
13	525	75	3	1017	24.25
14	450	75	2	2202	20.31
15	600	75	4	3231	21.56
16	525	75	3	892	25.08
17	525	60	4	5085	29.87

序号	加热温度（A）/℃	停留时间（B）/min	进料速率（C）/t·h^-1	石油烃含量/mg·kg^-1	天然气消耗量/m³·t^-1
1	450	90	3	2658	31.85
2	525	90	2	1665	33.35
3	450	75	4	4723	32.05
4	525	90	4	3541	35.22
5	525	75	3	822	24.28
6	525	75	3	928	24.73
7	600	75	2	282	20.09
8	600	75	3	715	18.12
9	535	60	2	1428	21.55
10	600	60	3	1631	17.81
11	600	90	3	388	24.83
12	450	60	3	2512	22.26
13	525	75	3	1017	24.25
14	450	75	2	2202	20.31
15	600	75	4	3231	21.56
16	525	75	3	892	25.08
17	525	60	4	5085	29.87

来源	石油烃含量					天然气消耗量
来源	平方和	自由度	F	P	显著性	平方和	自由度	F	P	显著性
模型	33940000	9	223.54	<0.0001	显著	470.03	9	207.23	<0.0001	显著
A	5485000	1	325.12	<0.0001	显著	68.74	1	272.76	<0.0001	显著
B	722400	1	42.82	0.0003	显著	142.47	1	565.31	<0.0001	显著
C	15130000	1	896.97	<0.0001	显著	68.44	1	271.59	<0.0001	显著
AB	482300	1	28.59	0.0011	显著	1.65	1	6.55	0.0376	显著
AC	45796	1	2.71	0.1434	不显著	26.37	1	104.63	<0.0001	显著
BC	793000	1	47.00	0.0002	显著	10.40	1	41.27	0.0004	显著
A²	407900	1	24.18	0.0017	显著	50.42	1	200.06	<0.0001	显著
B²	1364000	1	80.84	<0.0001	显著	39.52	1	156.83	<0.0001	显著
C²	8012000	1	474.90	<0.0001	显著	23.86	1	94.67	<0.0001	显著
残差	118100	7	—	—	—	1.76	7	—	—	—
失拟项	98349.39	4	3.73	0.1538	不显著	1.29	4	2.6	0.2899	不显著
R²	0.9965					0.9963

废白土热脱附处理工艺参数及其残渣危险特性

Thermal desorption treatment process of waste clay and its hazardous characteristics of residues

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参考文献 30

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项目	停留时间/min	加热温度/℃	进料速度/t·h^-1	TPH/mg·kg^-1	天然气消耗量/m³·t^-1
优化结果	70.56	597.88	2.59	281.77	17.81
验证结果	70	600	2.6	291.22，322.11，311	18.66，19.28，19.66

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