热电联产的产品碳足迹量化与评价

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0792

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 4233-4240.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0792

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

热电联产的产品碳足迹量化与评价

刘含笑¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 单思珂²^,⁵, 方建⁶, 林青阳⁷, 于立元¹, 方倪⁶, 刘小伟³, 刘忠², 陆诗建⁸()

^1.浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司，浙江诸暨 311800
^2.华北电力大学，北京 102206
^3.华中科技大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
^4.浙江省环保集团生态环保研究院有限公司，浙江杭州 310000
^5.润电能源科学技术有限公司，河南郑州 450018
^6.浙江巨化热电有限公司，浙江衢州 324000
^7.浙江大学能源工程学院，浙江杭州 310000
^8.中国矿业大学碳中和研究院，江苏徐州 221008

收稿日期:2024-05-13 修回日期:2024-08-03 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
通讯作者: 刘含笑,陆诗建
作者简介:刘含笑（1987—），男，博士，高级工程师，硕士生导师，研究方向为大气污染治理及双碳技术。E-mail：gutounan@163.com。
基金资助:
浙江省“尖兵”计划(2022C03030);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3701501)

Carbon footprint quantification and assessment of combined heat and power generation products

LIU Hanxiao¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), SHAN Sike²^,⁵, FANG Jian⁶, LIN Qingyang⁷, YU Liyuan¹, FANG Ni⁶, LIU Xiaowei³, LIU Zhong², LU Shijian⁸()

^1.Feida Environmental Protection Technology Co. , Ltd. , Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
^2.North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
^4.Zhejiang Environmental Protection Group Eco-Environmental Research Institute, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
^5.CR Power Energy Science and Technology Co. , Ltd. , Zhengzhou 450018, Henan, China
^6.Zhejiang Juhua Thermoelectric Co. , Ltd. , Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
^7.College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
^8.Carbon Neutrality Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-05-13 Revised:2024-08-03 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04
Contact: LIU Hanxiao, LU Shijian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对热电联产生命周期碳足迹结果的分配方式，对基于热电比、基于供热比、基于固定比例和基于单独生产效率的分配方式进行了原理上的介绍和分析，并结合实例进行了碳足迹评估，对四种分配方法在热电联产碳足迹实际评估中的效果进行了对比分析。结果表明：基于热电比的分配方式在碳足迹结果分配上较为偏向电力，基于固定比例的分配方式则较为偏向热力。基于供热比和基于单独生产效率的分配方式对热电分配有较好的分配效果，基于供热比的分配方法是我国法定的对组织碳进行热电分配的方法，具有良好的推广基础，基于单独生产效率的分配方法虽然分配效果较好，但需要确定本土化缺省值。对案例进一步分析可得：本案例的机组供热比在0.6~0.7时碳足迹最低，热电联产机组在运行时供热比在一定范围可以保证低碳足迹，这个范围在机组的最低煤耗指标附近。

关键词: 热电联产, 生命周期, 碳足迹, 热电厂, 碳排放分配

Abstract:

For the distribution of cogeneration life cycle carbon footprint results, the distribution principle of four distribution methods based on the heat power ratio, based on heating ratio, based on fixed proportion and based on separate production efficiency, was introduced. Combined with the practical cases, carbon footprint assessment was conducted, and the effects of four distribution methods in the actual assessment of cogeneration carbon footprint were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the distribution method based on thermal power ratio was more biased to electric power in terms of carbon footprint results, while the distribution method based on fixed ratio was more biased to thermal power. The distribution methods based on the heating ratio and based on separate production efficiency had good distribution effect for thermoelectric distribution. The distribution method based on the heating ratio was legal method in China for organization carbon thermoelectric distribution, which had a good promotion basis, and although distribution effect of the method based on the separate production efficiency was good, but it still need to determine the localization of default value. Further analysis of the case showed when the heating ratio of the unit was 0.6—0.7, the comprehensive carbon footprint was lowest, and maintaining the heating ratio of the cogeneration unit in a certain range, which was near the minimum coal consumption index of the unit, could keep a low-carbon footprint.

Key words: combined heat and power generation, life cycle, carbon footprint, thermal power plant, carbon emission distribution

中图分类号:

TM621

刘含笑, 单思珂, 方建, 林青阳, 于立元, 方倪, 刘小伟, 刘忠, 陆诗建. 热电联产的产品碳足迹量化与评价[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(7): 4233-4240.

LIU Hanxiao, SHAN Sike, FANG Jian, LIN Qingyang, YU Liyuan, FANG Ni, LIU Xiaowei, LIU Zhong, LU Shijian. Carbon footprint quantification and assessment of combined heat and power generation products[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(7): 4233-4240.

图/表 8

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数据种类	数据名称	数量
燃料	煤耗量/t	161982
	单位热值含碳量/t C·GJ^-1	0.026700252
	柴油/t	512
	铁路运输距离/km	1500
	公路运输距离/km	360
产品	年供电量/MWh	163348.75
产品	年供热量/GJ	3333000
辅料	液氨用量/t	509
	石灰石用量/t	229
	盐酸用量/t	223
	氢氧化钠用量/t	19
	次氯酸钠用量/t	60
	絮凝剂用量/t	19
废物	石膏产量/t	9416
废物	除尘灰产量/t	4187

数据种类	数据名称	数量
燃料	煤耗量/t	161982
	单位热值含碳量/t C·GJ^-1	0.026700252
	柴油/t	512
	铁路运输距离/km	1500
	公路运输距离/km	360
产品	年供电量/MWh	163348.75
产品	年供热量/GJ	3333000
辅料	液氨用量/t	509
	石灰石用量/t	229
	盐酸用量/t	223
	氢氧化钠用量/t	19
	次氯酸钠用量/t	60
	絮凝剂用量/t	19
废物	石膏产量/t	9416
废物	除尘灰产量/t	4187

单元过程	排放因子	来源
煤炭开采	0.499kg CO₂/kg	[25]
铁路运输	0.010kg CO₂/(t·km)	[26]
货运	0.052kg CO₂/(t·km)	[27]
外购电	0.570t CO₂/MWh	[28]
工艺水	1.905×10^-3kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
尿素	2.898kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
液氨	5.316kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
石灰石生产	2.816×10^-3kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
特种润滑油	1.457kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
绝缘油	1.457kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
柴油生产	0.853kg CO₂/kg	[29]
除尘灰	-0.216kg CO₂/kg	[30]
石膏	-0.099kg CO₂/kg	[31]
粉煤灰	-0.253kg CO₂/kg	[32]

单元过程	排放因子	来源
煤炭开采	0.499kg CO₂/kg	[25]
铁路运输	0.010kg CO₂/(t·km)	[26]
货运	0.052kg CO₂/(t·km)	[27]
外购电	0.570t CO₂/MWh	[28]
工艺水	1.905×10^-3kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
尿素	2.898kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
液氨	5.316kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
石灰石生产	2.816×10^-3kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
特种润滑油	1.457kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
绝缘油	1.457kg CO₂/kg	Ecoinvent3.8数据库
柴油生产	0.853kg CO₂/kg	[29]
除尘灰	-0.216kg CO₂/kg	[30]
石膏	-0.099kg CO₂/kg	[31]
粉煤灰	-0.253kg CO₂/kg	[32]

分配方式	电力碳足迹		热力碳足迹
分配方式	总值/t CO₂	单位碳足迹/kg CO₂·kWh^-1	总值/t CO₂	单位碳足迹/kg CO₂·kJ^-1
基于热电比	81677	0.50	462907	1.4×10^-4
基于供热比	113491	0.69	431093	1.3×10^-4
基于固定系数	166692	1.02	377892	1.1×10^-4
基于单独生产效率	135532	0.83	409052	1.2×10^-4

热电联产的产品碳足迹量化与评价

Carbon footprint quantification and assessment of combined heat and power generation products

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