高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂制备及其在聚丙烯微发泡材料中的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0334

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 1599-1606.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0334

高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂制备及其在聚丙烯微发泡材料中的应用

韩媛迪¹(), 邹昀¹, 梁志超², 童张法¹(), 陈小鹏¹, 廖丹葵¹()

^1.广西大学化学化工学院，广西石化资源加工及过程强化技术重点实验室，广西南宁 530004
^2.广西田东锦桂科技有限公司，广西百色 531500

收稿日期:2024-02-29 修回日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-15
通讯作者: 童张法,廖丹葵
作者简介:韩媛迪（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为材料化工。E-mail：yimi2079951255@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52162004);广西石化资源加工及过程强化技术重点实验室主任基金(2021Z011);横向项目(1416312AJS210625034)

Preparation of high-temperature potassium bicarbonate foaming agent and its application in polypropylene microfoaming materials

HAN Yuandi¹(), ZOU Yun¹, LIANG Zhichao², TONG Zhangfa¹(), CHEN Xiaopeng¹, LIAO Dankui¹()

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Strengthening Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
^2.Guangxi Tiandong Jingui Technology Company, Baise 531500, Guangxi, China

Received:2024-02-29 Revised:2024-05-06 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-15
Contact: TONG Zhangfa, LIAO Dankui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高碳酸氢钾的热分解温度，使其满足轻量化高性能聚丙烯微发泡材料的工业化需求，以两性物质铝酸酯偶联剂DL-411（ACA）为改性剂，采用乙醇溶解蒸发法和高温熔融法改性碳酸氢钾（PB），制备高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂（ACA@PB），并将其应用在聚丙烯微发泡材料加工生产过程中；利用热重（TG）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等表征手段，研究高温熔融法改性碳酸氢钾的热分解性能、较佳制备条件和微观形貌；考察ACA@PB添加量对聚丙烯微发泡材料泡孔分布和力学性能的影响。结果表明，当铝酸酯偶联剂DL-411和碳酸氢钾的质量比为3∶5时，碳酸氢钾的初始热分解温度 $T 0$ 由155.9℃提高至203.9℃，分解温度区间 $Δ T$ 由78.0℃缩短至40.0℃；当ACA@PB添加量为4%时，聚丙烯微发泡材料拉伸强度为30.30MPa、弹性模量为1.73GPa、断裂伸长率为9.67%、简支梁无缺口抗冲击强度为63.07kJ/m²，符合工业化聚丙烯微发泡材料的加工应用要求。

关键词: 高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂, 铝酸酯偶联剂DL-411, 热分解, 分散性, 聚丙烯

Abstract:

Using amphoteric aluminates coupling agent DL-411 (ACA) as the modifier, potassium bicarbonate (PB) was modified by ethanol dissolution followed by evaporation and high-temperature melting methods, and the high-temperature potassium bicarbonate foaming agent (ACA@PB) prepared was applied to the production process of polypropylene microfoam materials to meet the functionalization needs of lightweight and high-performance polypropylene microfoam materials. And the thermal decomposition properties, preparation conditions and microcosmic morphology of ACA@PB were investigated by using thermogravimetric (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared (FTIR) characterization methods. The results showed that when the mass ratio of ACA and PB was 3∶5, the thermal decomposition temperature of PB was increased from 155.9℃ to 203.9℃, and the decomposition temperature interval was shortened from 78.0℃ to 40.0℃; When the addition amount of ACA@PB was 4%, the tensile strength of polypropylene microfoam was 30.30MPa, the elasticity modulus was 1.73GPa, and elongation at break was 9.67%, the unnotched impact strength of simply supported beam was 63.07kJ/m², which was in line with the processing and application of industrialised polypropylene microfoam.

Key words: high-temperature potassium bicarbonate foaming agent, aluminate coupling agent DL-411, thermal decomposition, dispersibility, polypropylene

中图分类号:

TQ32

韩媛迪, 邹昀, 梁志超, 童张法, 陈小鹏, 廖丹葵. 高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂制备及其在聚丙烯微发泡材料中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1599-1606.

HAN Yuandi, ZOU Yun, LIANG Zhichao, TONG Zhangfa, CHEN Xiaopeng, LIAO Dankui. Preparation of high-temperature potassium bicarbonate foaming agent and its application in polypropylene microfoaming materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1599-1606.

图/表 10

图1 铝酸酯偶联剂DL-411为改性剂乙醇溶解蒸发法和高温熔融法改性前后碳酸氢钾的TG、DTG曲线

表1 铝酸酯偶联剂DL-411为改性剂乙醇溶解蒸发法和高温熔融法改性碳酸氢钾前后的热失重数据

样品	$T 0$ /℃	$T p$ /℃	$T f$ /℃	$Δ t$ /℃	$L$ /%
PB	155.9	201.5	233.9	78.0	29.8
ACA	216.9	286.4	295.9	79.0	98.9
M-1	164.9	195.9	212.9	48.0	19.6
M-2	199.9	196.8	243.7	43.8	17.6

表1 铝酸酯偶联剂DL-411为改性剂乙醇溶解蒸发法和高温熔融法改性碳酸氢钾前后的热失重数据

样品	$T 0$ /℃	$T p$ /℃	$T f$ /℃	$Δ t$ /℃	$L$ /%
PB	155.9	201.5	233.9	78.0	29.8
ACA	216.9	286.4	295.9	79.0	98.9
M-1	164.9	195.9	212.9	48.0	19.6
M-2	199.9	196.8	243.7	43.8	17.6

图2 不同质量比制备的ACA@PB的TG、DTG曲线

表2 不同质量比制备的ACA@PB的热分解数据

m_ACA∶m_PB	$T 0$ /℃	$T p$ /℃	$T f$ /℃	$Δ t$ /℃	$L$ /%
1∶5	194.4	211.4	236.4	42.0	22.2
2∶5	200.7	221.7	241.7	41.0	20.3
3∶5	203.9	217.9	243.9	40.0	16.9
4∶5	200.3	219.3	243.3	43.0	14.7
5∶5	199.5	216.5	243.5	44.0	13.8

表2 不同质量比制备的ACA@PB的热分解数据

m_ACA∶m_PB	$T 0$ /℃	$T p$ /℃	$T f$ /℃	$Δ t$ /℃	$L$ /%
1∶5	194.4	211.4	236.4	42.0	22.2
2∶5	200.7	221.7	241.7	41.0	20.3
3∶5	203.9	217.9	243.9	40.0	16.9
4∶5	200.3	219.3	243.3	43.0	14.7
5∶5	199.5	216.5	243.5	44.0	13.8

图3 碳酸氢钾与高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂的DSC曲线

图4 碳酸氢钾与不同质量比制备的高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂的SEM图像

图5 PB、ACA和ACA@PB的XRD图谱

图6 PB、ACA和ACA@PB的FTIR图谱

图7 添加不同质量分数高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂的聚丙烯微发泡材料横断面泡孔形态

表3 高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂添加量对聚丙烯微发泡材料力学性能的影响

ACA@PB添加量 /%	拉伸强度 /MPa	弹性模量 /GPa	断裂伸长率 /%	简支梁无缺口抗冲击强度/kJ·m^-2
0	30.59	1.81	9.78	65.09
1	28.15	1.43	7.15	51.88
2	28.50	1.46	8.08	54.38
3	29.70	1.52	8.28	58.46
4	30.30	1.73	9.67	63.07
5	28.60	1.51	8.45	54.07

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高温型碳酸氢钾发泡剂制备及其在聚丙烯微发泡材料中的应用

Preparation of high-temperature potassium bicarbonate foaming agent and its application in polypropylene microfoaming materials

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