黏土矿物表面扩散双电层中物理吸附态铵赋存位置分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1499

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 6093-6101.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1499

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

黏土矿物表面扩散双电层中物理吸附态铵赋存位置分析

林福明¹^,²(), 王观石¹^,³(), 秦磊¹^,³, 彭陈亮¹^,³

^1.江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院，江西赣州 341000
^2.江西理工大学理学院，江西赣州 341000
^3.江西理工大学河流源头水生态保护江西省重点实验室，江西赣州 341000

收稿日期:2024-09-11 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-10
通讯作者: 王观石
作者简介:林福明（1985—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为矿山环境与岩土工程。E-mail：416647092@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52364015);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2200836);福建省科技重大专项(2023YZ037002)

Analysis of the location of physical adsorption state of ammonium in diffusion double layer on the surface of clay minerals

LIN Fuming¹^,²(), WANG Guanshi¹^,³(), QIN Lei¹^,³, PENG Chenliang¹^,³

^1.School of Civil and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
^2.School of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
^3.Jiangxi Key Laboratory of River Source Water Ecological Protection, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China

Received:2024-09-11 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-10
Contact: WANG Guanshi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物理吸附态铵是离子型稀土矿铵盐浸矿后造成环境氨氮污染的主要来源，在黏土矿物表面的赋存位置影响其解吸行为。本文根据Gouy-Chapman双电层理论推导得到单一电解质体系中滑动面厚度、滑动面与Gouy面之间离子赋存量的计算公式，实验测得信丰（XF）和寻乌（XW）矿样吸附/解吸物理吸附态铵的量以及吸附/解吸后zeta电势（ζ电势）的变化。结果表明：①滑动面和Gouy面厚度受体系电解质浓度影响，电解质浓度增加，滑动面和Gouy面向黏土颗粒表面移动，厚度变薄；②物理吸附态铵饱和吸附时，XF尾矿实验吸附量占Gouy面与滑动面之间理论赋存量的98%，XW尾矿占96%，XF尾矿物理吸附态铵的一次解吸量达75%，XW尾矿达90%，表明物理吸附态铵在扩散层内的赋存位置为Gouy面和滑动面之间，且主要赋存在Gouy面附近；③随着尾矿物理吸附态铵的解吸，扩散层内ζ电势降低，通过间歇淋洗，能增大ζ电势，促进物理吸附态铵的解吸，为离子型稀土矿山氨氮污染治理提供了解决思路。

关键词: 离子型稀土矿, 双电层, 物理吸附态, 吸附, 解吸, 扩散

Abstract:

Ammonium in a physically adsorbed state, resulting from the ammonium salt leaching of ionic rare earth ores, is the primary source of environmental ammonia-nitrogen pollution. The location of its adsorption on the surfaces of clay minerals influences its desorption behavior. Formulas for calculating the thickness of the shear plane and the ion occupancy between the shear plane and the Gouy plane in a single electrolyte system were derived based on the Gouy-Chapman double-layer theory. Experimental measurements were obtained for the adsorption/desorption of physically adsorbed ammonium by Xinfeng (XF) and Xunwu (XW) ore samples, as well as the changes in zeta potential (ζ-potential) following adsorption/desorption. The findings indicated that ① the thickness of the shear plane and the Gouy plane was influenced by the electrolyte concentration of the system, and as the electrolyte concentration increased, both the shear plane and the Gouy plane moved towards the surface of the clay particles, becoming thinner; ② at saturation adsorption of physical adsorption of ammonium, the experimental adsorption amount of XF tailings accounted for 98% of the theoretical storage between the Gouy plane and the shear plane, while XW tailings accounted for 96%. The first desorption amount of physically adsorbed ammonium in XF tailings reached 75%, and that in XW tailings reached 90%, suggesting that physically adsorbed ammonium was primarily located between the Gouy plane and the shear plane with a significant presence near the Gouy plane; and ③ as the desorption of physically adsorbed ammonium in tailings proceeds, the ζ-potential within the diffusion layer decreased. Intermittent leaching can increased the ζ-potential, promoting the desorption of physically adsorbed ammonium and offering a potential solution for the management of ammonia-nitrogen pollution in ionic rare earth mines.

Key words: ionic rare earth ores, double layer, physical adsorption state, adsorption, desorption, diffusion

中图分类号:

TD983

林福明, 王观石, 秦磊, 彭陈亮. 黏土矿物表面扩散双电层中物理吸附态铵赋存位置分析[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(10): 6093-6101.

LIN Fuming, WANG Guanshi, QIN Lei, PENG Chenliang. Analysis of the location of physical adsorption state of ammonium in diffusion double layer on the surface of clay minerals[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(10): 6093-6101.

图/表 11

图1 Stern双电层模型

图2 矿样的X射线衍射谱

图3 吸附解吸曲线

图4 离子交换反应前后ζ电势变化曲线

图5 离子交换反应前滑动面和双电层厚度变化曲线

表1 离子交换反应后滑动面与Gouy面的厚度变化

矿样	初始铵浓度/mg·L^-1	Gouy面厚度/nm	滑动面厚度/nm	厚度差/nm
XF	8	5.36	4.48	0.88
XF	9	4.98	3.94	1.04
XW	5	5.28	2.78	2.50
XW	6	4.71	2.06	2.65

图6 物理吸附态铵的吸附/解吸量

图7 尾矿ζ电势变化曲线

表2 理论计算赋存量与实验测量吸附量比较

矿样	初始铵浓度/mg·L^-1	滑动面厚度/nm	理论赋存量/mg·g^-1	实验吸附量/mg·g^-1
XF	20	0.69	0.10	0.06
	40	0.48	0.14	0.10
	60	0.39	0.16	0.13
	200	0.21	0.30	0.28
	400	0.15	0.42	0.40
	600	0.12	0.49	0.48
XW	20	0.12	0.07	0.02
	40	0.07	0.10	0.05
	60	0.06	0.12	0.07
	200	0.05	0.21	0.19
	400	0.05	0.22	0.20
	600	0.04	0.27	0.26

图8 尾矿物理吸附态铵的解吸曲线

图9 ζ电势随解吸次数的变化

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黏土矿物表面扩散双电层中物理吸附态铵赋存位置分析

Analysis of the location of physical adsorption state of ammonium in diffusion double layer on the surface of clay minerals

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