不同工质单效吸收式制冷系统的能量和㶲分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0834

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (S1): 104-112.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0834

不同工质单效吸收式制冷系统的能量和㶲分析

李季桐¹^,²(), 王刚¹^,², 熊亚选¹(), 徐钱³

^1.北京建筑大学供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程北京市重点实验室，北京 100044
^2.北京建筑大学北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程中心，北京 100044
^3.北京科技大学能源与环境学院，北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-05-19 修回日期:2023-08-28 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-11-30
通讯作者: 熊亚选
作者简介:李季桐（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为吸收式制冷与热化学蓄能技术。E-mail：2108140421016@stu.bucea.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52006008);北京建筑大学-市属高校基本科研业务费项目(X23029)

Energy and exergy analysis of single-effect absorption refrigeration system with different refrigerants

LI Jitong¹^,²(), WANG Gang¹^,², XIONG Yaxuan¹(), XU Qian³

^1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
^2.Beijing Building Energy Efficient Comprehensive Utilization Engineering Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
^3.School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2023-05-19 Revised:2023-08-28 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-11-30
Contact: XIONG Yaxuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吸收式制冷可用于回收利用工业、建筑余热。然而，吸收式制冷系统的低性能制约了其工程应用。为开发适用于余热回收的吸收式制冷技术，本文建立了吸收式制冷系统的数学模型，分别以55%溴化锂（LiBr）水溶液和35%氯化锂（LiCl）水溶液为工质，分析了不同制冷工质冷却水、冷冻水及热源参数对单效吸收式制冷系统热力性能、系统能效和效的影响。结果表明，冷却水的入口温度、流量，冷冻水的入口温度，热源进口温度是吸收式制冷系统热力性能和效率的主要影响因素；系统制冷系数（COP）随冷却水流量、冷冻水入口温度增加而增大，随冷却水进水温度增加而降低，在一定温度范围内，随热源温度升高而增大；效率（ECOP）随冷却水进水温度、冷却水流量和冷冻水入口温度增加而增大，随热源温度增加而降低。LiBr水溶液和LiCl水溶液单效吸收式制冷系统的COP最高分别为0.789和0.779；ECOP最高分别为0.694和0.684。

关键词: 溴化锂, 氯化锂, 吸收式制冷, 能效, 效

Abstract:

Absorption refrigeration can be used for the recovery and utilization of industrial and building waste heat. However, the low performance of absorption refrigeration systems hampers their engineering applications. To develop absorption refrigeration technology suitable for waste heat recovery, this study established a mathematical model of an absorption refrigeration system using 55% lithium bromide (LiBr) solution and 35% lithium chloride (LiCl) solution as working fluids. The effects of different cooling water, chilled water, and heat source parameters on the thermodynamic performance, system efficiency, and exergy efficiency of a single-effect absorption refrigeration system were analyzed. The results indicated that the inlet temperature and flow rate of the cooling water, inlet temperature of the chilled water, and inlet temperature of the heat source were the main influencing factors on the thermodynamic performance and exergy efficiency of the absorption refrigeration system. The system coefficient of performance (COP) increased with the increase in cooling water flow rate and inlet temperature of the chilled water, while it decreased with the increase in cooling water inlet temperature. Within a certain temperature range, the COP increased with the increase in heat source temperature. The effective coefficient of performance (ECOP) increased with the increase in cooling water inlet temperature, cooling water flow rate, and chilled water inlet temperature, while it decreased with the increase in heat source temperature. The highest COP values for the LiBr and LiCl solution single-effect absorption refrigeration systems were 0.789 and 0.779, respectively, while the highest ECOP values were 0.694 and 0.684, respectively.

Key words: lithium bromide, lithium chloride, absorption refrigeration, energy, exergy

中图分类号:

李季桐, 王刚, 熊亚选, 徐钱. 不同工质单效吸收式制冷系统的能量和㶲分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 104-112.

LI Jitong, WANG Gang, XIONG Yaxuan, XU Qian. Energy and exergy analysis of single-effect absorption refrigeration system with different refrigerants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 104-112.

图/表 11

图1 单效吸收式制冷系统原理图

图2 简化后的系统模型图

表1 系统模型有效方程组

方程类型	方程	编号
质量方程	$m w = m s + D$	（1）
质量方程	$m w X w = m s X s$	（6）
能量方程	$m w h w, g + Q g = D h v, g + m s h s$	（2）
	$Q c = D h v, g - h l, c$	（3）
	$Q e = D h v, a - h l, c$	（4）
	$Q a = m w h w - m s h s, a - D h v, a$	（5）
	$m s h s - h s, a = m w h w, g - h w$	（7）
	$Q a + Q c = c p m c l t c l 3 - t c l 1$	（8）

表1 系统模型有效方程组

方程类型	方程	编号
质量方程	$m w = m s + D$	（1）
质量方程	$m w X w = m s X s$	（6）
能量方程	$m w h w, g + Q g = D h v, g + m s h s$	（2）
	$Q c = D h v, g - h l, c$	（3）
	$Q e = D h v, a - h l, c$	（4）
	$Q a = m w h w - m s h s, a - D h v, a$	（5）
	$m s h s - h s, a = m w h w, g - h w$	（7）
	$Q a + Q c = c p m c l t c l 3 - t c l 1$	（8）

表2 物性方程

方程类型	方程	编号
温度	$t l, c = f 1 P c$	(11)
	$t w = f 2 P e, X w$	(12)
	$t w, g = f 3 h w, g, X w$	(13)
	$t c 2 = t c 1 - Δ t c 1$	(14)
焓值	$h s = f 4 t s, X s$	(15)
	$h w = f 4 t w, X w$	(16)
	$h s, a = f 4 t s, a, X s$	(17)
	$h l c = f 5 t l c$	(18)
	$h v, g = f 6 P c, t s + t w, g 2$	(19)
压力	$P c = f 7 t s, X s$	(20)
压力	$P e = f 8 t v, a$	(21)

表2 物性方程

方程类型	方程	编号
温度	$t l, c = f 1 P c$	(11)
	$t w = f 2 P e, X w$	(12)
	$t w, g = f 3 h w, g, X w$	(13)
	$t c 2 = t c 1 - Δ t c 1$	(14)
焓值	$h s = f 4 t s, X s$	(15)
	$h w = f 4 t w, X w$	(16)
	$h s, a = f 4 t s, a, X s$	(17)
	$h l c = f 5 t l c$	(18)
	$h v, g = f 6 P c, t s + t w, g 2$	(19)
压力	$P c = f 7 t s, X s$	(20)
压力	$P e = f 8 t v, a$	(21)

图3 模型求解流程图

表3 系统输入参数

输入参数	数值
X_s(LiBr)/% X_s(LiCl)/%	55 35
Q_e/kW	14
m_cl/kg·s^-1	0.3~1.2
冷冻水入口温度 $t c 1 / ℃$	10~19
冷却水入口温度 $t c l 1 / ℃$	27~36
热源进口温度 $t h 1 / ℃$	80~105

表3 系统输入参数

输入参数	数值
X_s(LiBr)/% X_s(LiCl)/%	55 35
Q_e/kW	14
m_cl/kg·s^-1	0.3~1.2
冷冻水入口温度 $t c 1 / ℃$	10~19
冷却水入口温度 $t c l 1 / ℃$	27~36
热源进口温度 $t h 1 / ℃$	80~105

图4 单效吸收式制冷系统性能的模型对比验证

图5 冷却水入口温度对系统性能的影响

图6 冷却水流量的影响

图7 冷冻水入口温度的影响

图8 热源进口温度的影响

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不同工质单效吸收式制冷系统的能量和㶲分析

Energy and exergy analysis of single-effect absorption refrigeration system with different refrigerants

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