含铬污泥资源化方法研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1690

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电镀、印染、制革等行业在生产过程中产生大量的固体废物，因为固体废物中含有重金属铬，并且易转化为剧毒的六价铬，致使整个行业的发展都受到了制约。本文对各行业含铬污泥的产生原因、物质组成等进行了简单叙述，并介绍了之前对含铬污泥的常规处理方法，但这些方法对环境有所影响，已经不符合可持续发展的观念。含铬污泥组成复杂，有潜在的利用价值，文中对一些含铬污泥的资源化利用方法进行了介绍，指出无论是常规处理方法或是资源化利用方法，如何避免含铬污泥中的重金属铬转化为剧毒的六价铬是其中的重点。因此介绍了行业内对三价铬转化为六价铬机理进行的探究，并找到了适合的处理方法，即将重金属铬固定封装不仅抑制了三价铬转化为六价铬，还能同时进行固体废物的资源化利用。

关键词: 含铬污泥, 重金属铬, 六价铬, 废物处理, 尖晶石

Abstract:

The electroplating, dyeing and tanning industries produce a large amount of solid waste in the production process, as the solid waste contains the heavy metal chromium and is easily transformed into the highly toxic hexavalent chromium, resulting in the development of the entire industry being constrained. This paper provides a brief description of the causes and composition of chromium-containing sludge in various industries and introduces the conventional methods of treating chromium-containing sludge, which are no longer in line with the concept of sustainable development due to their impact on the environment. The composition of chromium-containing sludge is complex and has potential utilization value. In both conventional and resource-based treatment methods, the focus is on how to avoid the conversion of the heavy metal chromium in chromium-containing sludge into the highly toxic hexavalent chromium. An industry inquiry into the mechanism of conversion of trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium is presented and suitable treatment methods are found to immobilise and encapsulate the heavy metal chromium. It not only inhibits the conversion of trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium, but also allows for the resourceful use of solid waste at the same time.

Key words: chromium-containing sludge, heavy metal chromium, hexavalent chromium, waste disposal, spinel

中图分类号:

TQ18

郭宇晨, 刘庆林, 蒋金洋, 宗永忠, 王金伟, 李臻, 吕树祥. 含铬污泥资源化方法研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 575-584.

GUO Yuchen, LIU Qinglin, JIANG Jinyang, ZONG Yongzhong, WANG Jinwei, LI Zhen, LYU Shuxiang. Research progress on recycling methods of chromium-containing sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 575-584.

图/表 8

图1 含铬污泥分类

图2 晶格化固定含铬污泥中的铬并制作建筑陶粒流程图

图3 安全固化陶粒中的含铬尖晶石

图4 程序升温吸氧实验

图5 Cr2O3与CaO的能带结构与态密度

图6 Cr2O3与CaO掺杂模型

图7 含铬尖晶石晶胞模型

图8 不同条件下煅烧Cr2O3后相态变化

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