多孔液体设计制备及性能分析研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1678

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔液体（porous liquids，PLs）作为一种新型材料，由于兼具固体多孔性和液体流动性，在催化、储能、石油化工、光电材料、气体吸附分离、气体储运、生物医药等领域具有广泛的应用前景。但多孔液体制备过程中存在合成路线复杂、有机溶剂挥发、液体黏度大、久置沉淀等问题，制约了多孔液体的进一步发展与应用。本文围绕多孔液体的设计制备过程中存在的可行性、稳定性、流动性及碳捕集性能等问题，阐述了多孔液体的种类，综述了近年来多孔液体制备方法和流程以及多孔液体内核外冠结构对稳定性、流动性的影响，概述了目前多孔液体在碳捕集方面的研究进展。最后对多孔液体在制备合成方面的挑战进行了归纳总结，在气体吸附分离及其他方面的应用进行了展望。

关键词: 多孔液体, 稳定性, 分散, 流动, 吸附

Abstract:

Porous liquids (PLs) come up with both liquid fluidity and solid porosity, thereby offering a variety of applications in such as gas sorption and separation, homogeneous catalysis, biomedicine. However, the problems of complex synthesis, organic solvent volatilization, high viscosity, precipitation after setting a long time and so on has restricted the further development and application of PLs. In this paper, the feasibility, stability, fluidity and carbon replenishment performance of PLs in their designing and preparation are discussed. PLs are classified into three categories. The methods and processes of PLs preparation and the effects of the core and canopy structures on the stability and fluidity of PLs are reviewed. Finally, the challenges in the preparation and synthesis of porous liquids are summarized, and their applications in gas adsorption and separation and other aspects are prospected.

Key words: porous liquids, stability, fluidity, dispersion, adsorption

中图分类号:

TB 383

生丽莎, 陈振乾. 多孔液体设计制备及性能分析研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3660-3675.

SHENG Lisha, CHEN Zhenqian. Design and preparation of porous liquids and their applications in CO₂ adsorption[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3660-3675.

图/表 11

图1 传统液体及多孔液体的腔洞示意图[1,4]

图2 100℃条件下二氧化硅亚甲基蓝悬浮液（左）和二氧化硅纳米盐（右）

图3 两步法制备二氧化硅基多孔液体过程图

图4 各向异性中空硅纳米棒基多孔液体制备过程图

图5 多孔液体UiO-66@OS@PEGS制备流程图

图6 POCs基多孔液体制备流程图

图7 多孔液体合成策略

图8 MOP-18基多孔液体制备流程图

图9 ZIF-8多孔液体制备流程图

图10 MOF基多孔液体制备流程图

图11 不同接枝密度多孔液体分散性能机理分析示意图[76]

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