碳中和背景下现代煤化工技术路径探索

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0475

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从源头减碳、过程控碳、末端碳捕集封存和碳资源高附加值利用四个方面，分析了现代煤化工产业低碳发展的技术路径、对降低碳排放的效果以及未来应用前景。文中指出：源头减碳技术路径包括原料结构调整和能源结构调整，引入富氢和绿氢资源与煤炭进行碳氢互补，提高煤炭利用效率，并通过气代煤、电代煤，尤其利用弃风、弃电，可显著降低碳排放和工艺生产成本；过程控碳技术路径包括节能提效和开发革新技术，依靠现代煤化工技术进步，突破传统工艺瓶颈，是当前企业易于实施、应用较多的节能减排方式；末端碳捕集封存技术路径包括地质深层掩埋、驱油、强化深部咸水开采等，将工艺过程产生的高浓度CO₂通过低成本捕集，有效提高油气采收率，并为水资源匮乏地区提供额外供水；碳资源高附加值利用技术路径主要包括CO₂化学转化制高附加值及大宗化学品，国内正加快CO₂制低碳烯烃、芳烃、甲醇、碳酸酯的技术研发与示范应用，努力将CO₂从化石能源利用的终结排放者转化为碳循环利用的参与者，发展碳循环经济，减少碳排放。最后提出：未来将现代煤化工融入能源系统的大格局统筹考虑，推动其与新能源的优势“合并”，突破碳减排关键核心技术，是碳中和背景下现代煤化工低碳清洁发展的必由之路。

关键词: 现代煤化工产业, 技术路径, 碳中和, 碳减排

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the technical path of low-carbon development of modern coal chemical industry, the effect on reducing carbon emissions and future application prospect from four aspects: carbon reduction from the source, carbon emission control in the process, carbon capture and storage at the end, and high value-added utilization of carbon resources. The technical path of carbon reduction from the source includes raw material structure adjustment and energy structure adjustment. By introducing hydrogen-rich and green-hydrogen resources, coal utilization efficiency is improved; and by replacing coal with natural gas and electricity, especially by using abandoned wind and electricity, energy consumption is reduced, which can significantly reduce carbon emissions and production costs. The technical path of carbon emission control in the process includes energy saving and efficiency improvement, and development of innovative technologies. Relying on the technical advancements to break through the bottleneck of traditional process, it is easy for enterprises to take measures to realize energy-saving and emission reduction. The technical path of carbon capture and storage at the end includes geological deep burial, oil displacement, and strengthening deep salt water exploitation, etc. By capturing high-concentration CO₂ produced in the process at low cost, it can effectively improve the oil and gas recovery, and provide additional water supply for water deficient areas. The technical path of high value-added utilization of carbon resources mainly includes the chemical conversion of CO₂ to high value-added and bulk chemicals. China is accelerating the technological R&D and demonstration application of CO₂ to low-carbon olefins, aromatics, methanol and carbonate, striving to transform CO₂ from the end emitter of fossil utilization to the participant of carbon recycling. In the future, it is the general trend for modern coal chemical industry to be integrated with new energy, and break through the key core technologies of carbon emission reduction, so as to contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality.

Key words: modern coal chemical industry, technology path, carbon neutrality, carbon emission reduction

中图分类号:

TQ53

杨学萍. 碳中和背景下现代煤化工技术路径探索[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3402-3412.

YANG Xueping. Exploration on technical path of modern coal chemical industry under the background of carbon neutralization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3402-3412.

图/表 1

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