膜特征对锂资源提取过程的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0296

化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 5061-5072.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0296

膜特征对锂资源提取过程的影响

李志录¹^,²(), 王敏¹^,²(), 赵有璟¹^,², 彭正军¹^,², 白露¹^,²^,³

^1.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所，中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室，青海西宁 810008
^2.青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室，青海西宁 810008
^3.中国科学院大学化学工程学院，北京 101408

收稿日期:2021-02-07 修回日期:2021-03-13 出版日期:2021-09-05 发布日期:2021-09-13
通讯作者: 王敏
作者简介:李志录（1993—），男，硕士，研究方向为盐湖资源高效分离提取。E-mail：lizhilu@isl.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U20A20138)

Effects of membrane characteristics for lithium extraction

LI Zhilu¹^,²(), WANG Min¹^,²(), ZHAO Youjing¹^,², PENG Zhengjun¹^,², BAI Lu¹^,²^,³

^1.Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
^3.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101408, China

Received:2021-02-07 Revised:2021-03-13 Online:2021-09-05 Published:2021-09-13
Contact: WANG Min

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

可再生能源领域的发展吸引了众多学者对锂电池行业的关注，高效绿色提锂技术成为研究的重点。膜分离技术由于在连续操作中具有操作方便、运行易控、耗能低等特点在锂资源提取中展现出广阔的应用前景。本文基于锂资源提取的膜分离技术，归纳并讨论膜孔和膜表面特征对锂离子分离的影响。文章指出，离子在膜孔中的传输是其分离的基础，离子尺寸和离子在膜孔中传输形态影响其传输速率。膜孔的尺寸和形态是影响锂离子分离的关键因素，不同尺寸、形态和膜孔内电荷在分离过程中表现出不同的分离效果。基于膜表面特征，文章概括了现有荷正电膜、荷负电膜及表面亲疏水性在锂离子分离中的性能差异。最后，文章探究了膜分离技术在锂资源提取中存在的挑战和机遇，推进膜分离技术在锂资源提取方向的理论研究和实际应用。

关键词: 锂资源提取, 膜分离技术, 膜孔尺寸和形态, 膜表面电荷和亲疏水性, 纳滤膜

Abstract:

Due to the increasing focus on lithium battery industry with renewable energy developing for many researchers, the related methods with highly effective and environment-friend in lithium extraction have become the spot of light. Among numerous approaches of lithium extraction, as the virtues of its flexible operation, easy control and low energy consumption in continuous operation, membrane separation technology possesses promising application in lithium extraction. In the view of current membrane separation technology which applied to lithium separation, the effects of membrane characteristics including inner membrane pores and membrane surface were summarized and discussed. It was extraction basis that ion transport in the membrane pore, ion size and ion transport form in membrane pores affected their transport rate. The size and morphology of the membrane pores were key factors in separation process. Various sizes, morphologies and the charges of inner membrane pores contributed different effects in lithium extraction process. According to the surface characteristics of the separation membrane, the capability differences of membrane with positive or negative charge and the effect of surface hydrophobicity in lithium separation were generalized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of membrane separation technology were forecasted via the effect of membrane pore characteristics and surface characteristics in lithium extraction process to accelerate the theoretical research and practical application of membrane separation technology in lithium extraction.

Key words: lithium extraction, membrane separation technology, pore size and morphology of membrane, membrane surface charge and hydrophobicity, nanofiltration membrane

中图分类号:

李志录, 王敏, 赵有璟, 彭正军, 白露. 膜特征对锂资源提取过程的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 5061-5072.

LI Zhilu, WANG Min, ZHAO Youjing, PENG Zhengjun, BAI Lu. Effects of membrane characteristics for lithium extraction[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 5061-5072.

图/表 7

图1 锂资源的应用及未来的需求

表1 不同离子的裸半径、Stokes半径和水合半径

离子类型	裸半径/?	Stokes半径/?	水合半径/?
K⁺	1.49	1.25	3.31
Na⁺	1.17	1.84	3.58
Mg²⁺	0.72	3.47	4.28
Li⁺	0.94	2.38	3.82
Al³⁺	0.53	4.39	4.75

图2 利用离子水合尺寸和MOF分别制备的FRGO膜和HKUST-1膜制备过程示意图

图3 Li+在层间距为0.4nm和1.2nm通道中运动轨迹示意图

图4 小选择器与大空腔组合的ZIF-8膜和冠醚修饰的PET膜示意图

图5 膜孔内电荷对离子传输的影响

图6 采用PEI和DAPP制备荷正电纳滤膜示意图

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膜特征对锂资源提取过程的影响

Effects of membrane characteristics for lithium extraction

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