开孔金属泡沫内气液两相流动的可视化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1893

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开孔金属泡沫内流动特性的研究多局限于局部流动特性的分析，大尺寸（100cm²以上）金属泡沫内气液两相宏观流动特性的研究目前较为缺乏。为了深入认识金属泡沫内气液两相流动特性，本文通过光学可视化手段，对金属泡沫多孔介质薄层内的气/液驱替、液/气驱替两相流动过程进行研究，分析了入侵流体的流速及金属泡沫的孔径对泡沫薄层内两相流动的影响。结果表明：在气/液驱替流动方面，随着空气流速的增大，气液两相的界面形态由毛细指状结构过渡到黏性指状结构，随着泡沫孔径的减小，部分排水现象愈加显著；在液/气驱替流动方面，气液界面较为规则，近似呈锥形，且流速越大，界面锥角越大、长度越小，试验中仅在最小孔径的金属泡沫中捕捉到明显的部分驱替现象，并且随着水流速的减小愈加显著。

关键词: 金属泡沫, 多孔介质, 气液两相流, 两相驱替

Abstract:

Studies on flow characteristics in open-cell metal foams have until now been limited to the analysis of local flow characteristics, while gas-liquid two-phase flow in large-scale (over 100cm²) metal foams requires more research. In order to deepen our understanding of the latter phenomenon, the optical flow visualization of gas-liquid and liquid-gas displacement in metal foam sheets has been carried out. Analysis was undertaken on the effects of the velocity of invading fluid and pore sizes of metal foam on two-phase flow. Results showed that for gas-liquid displacement, an increase in air velocity causes a change in the interface morphology of the gas-liquid phase from capillary to viscous fingering, while a decrease in foam pore size causes an increase in the partial drainage phenomenon. For liquid-gas displacement, it was observed that the gas-liquid interface is relatively regular and roughly tapered. An increase in displacement velocity increases the taper angle, reduces interface length. Partial drainage was noticeably observed only in metal foam with the smallest pore diameter and becomes more pronounced with a decrease in water velocity.

Key words: metal foam, porous media, gas-liquid flow, two-phase displacement

中图分类号:

TK121

吴浩, 索梦善, 陶星晓, 车志钊, 孙凯, 陈锐, 王天友. 开孔金属泡沫内气液两相流动的可视化[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(8): 4152-4164.

WU Hao, SUO Mengshan, TAO Xingxiao, CHE Zhizhao, SUN Kai, CHEN Rui, WANG Tianyou. Optical visualization of gas-liquid two-phase flow in open-cell metal foam[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(8): 4152-4164.

图/表 15

图1 不同孔径的泡沫镍

表1 泡沫镍样品参数

样品编号	泡沫镍孔隙数/PPI	孔径/μm	面密度/g·m^-2	压缩前厚度/mm	压缩后厚度/mm	压缩前孔隙率/%	压缩后孔隙率/%
1	30	1020	420	3.0	1.0	98.4	95.2
2	50	710	420	3.0	1.0	98.5	95.4
3	75	460	280	3.0	1.0	98.2	94.6
4	110	210	280	1.6	1.0	98.1	97.0

图2 金属泡沫模拟单元

图3 金属泡沫内气液两相流动可视化试验系统

图4 部分驱替现象示例

图5 图像分割前后对比

图6 1020μm孔径金属泡沫中不同空气流量下空气驱替液态水的过程

图7 毛细枝状结构和黏性枝状结构

图8 不同空气流速下完全浸润部位的面积占比随时间的变化

图9 不同孔径金属泡沫中空气驱替液态水的发展过程（试验图像从上到下依次对应于孔径为1020μm、710μm、460μm、210μm的金属泡沫。空气流量为1000mL/min，图像中红色方框标识的图像对应于空气突破金属泡沫出口端的时刻）

图10 不同孔径金属泡沫中空气流通路径截面

图11 试验过程中金属泡沫模拟单元进出口压差

图12 460μm金属泡沫中不同水流量下液态水驱替空气的过程（图像从上到下依次对应于1mL·min-1、10mL·min-1、100mL·min-1及1000mL·min-1水流量。图像中最右方框标志的图像对应了水初次突破金属泡沫出口端的时刻）

图13 不同孔径金属泡沫中液态水驱替空气的过程（试验图像从上到下依次对应于1020μm、710μm、460μm、210μm孔径的金属泡沫。图像中水流量均为10mL·min-1。图像中方框标志的图像对应了水突破金属泡沫出口端的时刻）

图14 210μm金属泡沫中不同水流量下液态水驱替空气的过程（图像从上到下依次对应于1mL·min-1、10mL·min-1、100mL·min-1及1000mL·min-1。图像中方框标志的图像对应了水初次突破金属泡沫出口端的时刻）

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