蒙东褐煤热解技术工业应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0888

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蒙东褐煤占我国褐煤储量的83%，是蒙东地区的主要能源。低温热解技术条件温和、产品用途广、经济效益高，是加工蒙东褐煤的主要途径之一。但由于褐煤块煤率低、含水量高、热碎严重等特性以及现行环保产业政策持续趋紧，使褐煤低温热解工业化项目存在原料利用率低、生产连续性差、环保不达标等问题。本文介绍了目前蒙东地区应用的热解技术包括低阶煤转化技术（LCC）、连续干馏热解定位提质技术（LCP）、带式炉低温干馏技术、GF-1型褐煤提质技术、SJ低温干馏方炉热解技术和气-固错流热解技术，分析了各项技术的运行情况、优势和不足。通过对比各项技术在原料要求、传热方式、熄焦方式、能量利用率和产品性质等方面的特点，明确了各项热解技术的炉型选择、原料煤粒度和热解产品利用等方向，提出了蒙东褐煤热解技术在工业化应用过程中需实现原料优化、能量优化、产品多元化和废弃物资源化的发展要求。

关键词: 褐煤, 热解, 工业应用, 能量优化, 生产, 多元化, 资源化

Abstract:

Lignite in eastern area of Inner Mongolia accounts for 83% of China’s lignite reserves and is also the main energy source in this area. Low temperature pyrolysis of coal has the advantages of mild process conditions, extensive product usage and high profitability, which is the main method used for lignite processing. Due to low lump coal ratio, high moisture content in lignite, serious fragments during thermal processing, and the current environmental protection policy becoming more and more strict, low lignite utilization rate, unqualified pollution discharge and discontinuous operation exist in lignite pyrolysis plants. This article introduces lignite pyrolysis technologies that have come into industrial application in eastern area of Inner Mongolia as follows: low-rank coal conversion technology (LCC), localizing continuous pyrolysis technology (LCP), belt-furnace lignite upgrade technology, GF-1 lignite upgrade technology, SJ low-temperature drying furnace technology and gas-coal cross-flow pyrolysis technology, the operation state, advantages and drawbacks of which are also presented. By comparing the raw material requirements, heat transfer modes, coke quenching methods, heat utilization efficiency and product properties of these technologies, we propose that the future development direction should be raw material optimization, heat optimization, product diversification and waste reclamation, to achieve the industrial application of lignite pyrolysis in eastern area of Inner Mongolia, China.

Key words: lignite, pyrolysis, industrial application, heat optimization, production, product diversification, waste reclamation

中图分类号:

TQ536

范涛. 蒙东褐煤热解技术工业应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1362-1370.

FAN Tao. Industrial application progress of lignite pyrolysis technology in eastern area of Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1362-1370.

图/表 8

表1 蒙东地区典型褐煤的煤质分析

褐煤资源	工业分析（ar，质量分数）/%			元素分析（daf，质量分数）/%					热值Q_net,ar /MJ·kg^-1
褐煤资源	M	A	V	C	H	N	S	O	热值Q_net,ar /MJ·kg^-1
霍林河煤田	32.96	14.42	30.06	74.42	4.00	1.12	0.43	20.03	14.12
胜利煤田	33.24	9.30	22.28	66.90	4.16	1.03	2.10	25.81	15.62
白音华煤田	32.92	7.44	25.46	68.8	5.00	1.40	1.40	23.4	15.21
伊敏河煤田	30.24	10.36	26.15	68.95	4.97	0.97	0.32	25.09	14.75
元宝山煤田	30.55	10.10	22.24	79.15	4.86	1.37	0.57	14.05	12.55
乌拉盖褐煤	39.42	6.79	26.18	74.05	3.94	0.78	0.88	20.35	13.90

图1 LCC工艺流程

图2 LCP工艺流程

图3 带式炉热解工艺流程

图4 GF-1褐煤提质工艺流程

图5 方炉热解工艺流程

图6 气-固错流热解技术工艺流程

表2 蒙东褐煤热解技术对比

技术类别	规模/ $×$ 10⁴t·a^-1	原料粒度/mm	传热方式	熄焦方式	是否补热	焦油品质	半焦用途
LCC技术	30	6~50	内热式	湿法熄焦	需要	含尘量高	动力煤
LCP技术	100	<80	外热式	干法熄焦	需要	不回收	动力煤、型煤
带式炉改性提质技术	100	3~25	内热式	干法熄焦	需要	不回收	动力煤
GF-1型褐煤提质技术	2×50	6~120	内热式	干法熄焦	不需要	含尘量高	动力煤、活性焦
SJ方炉热解技术	30	30~80	内热式	水熄焦	不需要	品质较好	动力煤
气-固错流热解技术	60	<80	内热式	干法熄焦	不需要	品质较好	动力煤、洁净型煤

表2 蒙东褐煤热解技术对比

技术类别	规模/ $×$ 10⁴t·a^-1	原料粒度/mm	传热方式	熄焦方式	是否补热	焦油品质	半焦用途
LCC技术	30	6~50	内热式	湿法熄焦	需要	含尘量高	动力煤
LCP技术	100	<80	外热式	干法熄焦	需要	不回收	动力煤、型煤
带式炉改性提质技术	100	3~25	内热式	干法熄焦	需要	不回收	动力煤
GF-1型褐煤提质技术	2×50	6~120	内热式	干法熄焦	不需要	含尘量高	动力煤、活性焦
SJ方炉热解技术	30	30~80	内热式	水熄焦	不需要	品质较好	动力煤
气-固错流热解技术	60	<80	内热式	干法熄焦	不需要	品质较好	动力煤、洁净型煤

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