精馏-吸附-膜分离耦合工艺制备高纯度酒精流程模拟

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0850

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高纯度酒精广泛应用于食品、医药和石油化工等行业，国内外制备高纯度酒精的常用方法为酒精五塔精馏，但传统酒精精馏工艺往往伴随高能耗与高成本。为了解决上述问题，本文提出一种精馏-吸附-膜分离耦合新工艺，从乙醇发酵液中高效获得高纯度酒精。借助Aspen Plus流程模拟软件对精馏-吸附-膜分离耦合工艺进行研究，并用灵敏度分析工具对其精馏塔部分进行参数优化。结果表明，当精馏塔的塔板数为37、回流比为9、进料位置为第35块塔板、吸附剂采用天然沸石、膜分离用聚偏氟乙烯渗透汽化膜时，乙醇质量分数达到99.2%，乙醇回收率为65.6%。与传统五塔精馏方法相比不仅能获得高纯度酒精，而且能耗与设备成本相对较低，也充分提高了空间利用率，具有很好的工业前景。

关键词: 流程模拟, 精馏, 吸附, 膜分离, 高纯度酒精

Abstract:

High pure alcohol is widely used in food, medicine, petrochemical, etc. The common method for the preparation of high concentration of alcohol is alcohol five-column distillation, but the traditional distillation process is often accompanied by high energy consumption and high cost. To solve the above problems, a new distillation-adsorption-membrane separation coupling process was proposed in this study to efficiently obtain high concentration alcohol from ethanol fermentation broth. Aspen Plus process simulation software was used to investigate the distillation-adsorption-membrane separation coupling process, and the sensitivity analysis tool was used to optimize the parameters of the distillation column. The results showed that the mass fraction of ethanol reached 99.2% and the ethanol recovery was 65.6% when the number of trays in the distillation column was 37, the reflux ratio was 9, the feeding position was the 35th tray, the adsorbent was natural zeolite and the membrane was separated by polyvinylidene fluoride pervaporation membrane. Compared with the traditional five-column distillation method, high pure alcohol can be obtained with low energy consumption and equipment cost. Meanwhile, the space utilization rate is also reduced. This study reveals that distillation-adsorption-membrane separation coupling process has a good industrial prospect.

Key words: process simulation, distillation, adsorption, membrane separation, high pure alcohol

中图分类号:

TQ214

李春利, 程永辉, 李浩. 精馏-吸附-膜分离耦合工艺制备高纯度酒精流程模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1354-1361.

LI Chunli, CHENG Yonghui, LI Hao. Simulation of high pure alcohol preparation by distillation-adsorption-membrane separation coupling process[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1354-1361.

图/表 14

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组成	质量分数/%	密度/g·cm^-3	沸点/℃
水	89.70	1.00	100
乙醇	10.00	0.789	78.3
甲醇	0.10	0.792	64.7
乙酸乙酯	0.05	0.902	77
正丙醇	0.03	0.803	97.1
异丁醇	0.02	0.81	107.9
异戊醇	0.06	0.81	132.5
乙酸	0.02	1.05	117.9
辛酸	0.01	0.91	237
己酸	0.01	0.93	205.4

组成	质量分数/%	密度/g·cm^-3	沸点/℃
水	89.70	1.00	100
乙醇	10.00	0.789	78.3
甲醇	0.10	0.792	64.7
乙酸乙酯	0.05	0.902	77
正丙醇	0.03	0.803	97.1
异丁醇	0.02	0.81	107.9
异戊醇	0.06	0.81	132.5
乙酸	0.02	1.05	117.9
辛酸	0.01	0.91	237
己酸	0.01	0.93	205.4

项目	T1 (粗馏塔)	T2 (水洗塔)	T3 (精馏塔)	T4 (脱甲醇塔)	T5 (回收塔)
塔板数	25	50	67	51	50
进料位置	18	28	50	26	43
塔压降/kPa	13	20	60	30	30
加热模式	再沸器	直接蒸汽	直接蒸汽	再沸器	直接蒸汽
再沸比	0.385	0.134	0.521	0.400	1.090

项目	T1 (粗馏塔)	T2 (水洗塔)	T3 (精馏塔)	T4 (脱甲醇塔)	T5 (回收塔)
塔板数	25	50	67	51	50
进料位置	18	28	50	26	43
塔压降/kPa	13	20	60	30	30
加热模式	再沸器	直接蒸汽	直接蒸汽	再沸器	直接蒸汽
再沸比	0.385	0.134	0.521	0.400	1.090

精馏-吸附-膜分离耦合工艺	五塔精馏工艺
质量分数
水 0.22%	水 16.42%
乙醇 99.2%	乙醇 83.4%
甲醇 0.03%	甲醇 0.075%
乙酸乙酯 0.054%	乙酸乙酯 0
正丙醇 0	正丙醇 0.004%
异丁醇 0	异丁醇 0.0027%
乙酸 0	乙酸 0.007%
辛酸 0	辛酸 4.74×10^-8
己酸 0	己酸 1.88×10^-8
异戊醇 0	异戊醇 0.0081%
流量 132.254kg/h	流量 148.5kg/h