制氢加氢“子母站”建设规划浅析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过简要介绍制氢加氢合建站规划设计的现实意义和国内外加氢站发展现状，提出制氢加氢“子母站”的概念。本文简要介绍了制氢加氢“子母站”的建设模式，即制氢加氢“子母站”采取分布式供氢模式，“母站”制氢加氢集成为一体，“子站”作为纯加氢站，“母站”与“子站”之间采用长管拖车运输，“母站”为制氢加氢一体站，“母站”总装置内的供氢单元主要考虑采用天然气制氢、甲醇制氢和电解水制氢3种模式。简要分析了天然气制氢、甲醇制氢、电解水制氢技术的优缺点，并从氢气的生产成本、氢气的储运成本、制氢加氢“子母站”中制氢站的建设成本、运营成本等几方面进行了较为详细的成本分析。通过供氢模式的特点和成本分析，提出以水电解制氢、甲醇制氢、天然气制氢装置作为氢源的制氢加氢“子母站”为适宜我国能源结构的新型氢能利用模式。

关键词: 环境, 制氢, 加氢, 加氢站, 制氢加氢“子母站”

Abstract:

It proposes an idea of “distributed-centralized hydrogen producing and filling station”, by briefly introducing and reviewing the practical significance of the planning and design of the integrated hydrogen production and filling stations and the development status of hydrogenation stations. The module of “distributed-centralized hydrogen producing and filling station” is a kind of distributed hydrogen supply module: “centralized station” integrates hydrogen producing and filling; while “distributed station” is only related to hydrogen filling and the hydrogen is from “centralized station” by trailer. On-site hydrogen producing is hydrogen source for “centralized station”, including SMR, methanol reforming and electrolysis. It briefly compares the pros and cons of the said three hydrogen producing technologies. It analyzes the costs of these technologies in detail, including hydrogen producing cost, hydrogen storage and logistic cost, station CAPEX and OPEX. According to the characteristics and cost analysis of the hydrogen supply mode, the “distributed-centralized hydrogen producing and filling station” supported by SMR, methanol reforming and/or electrolysis would be fit to China energy structure and the new hydrogen energy utilization mode.

Key words: environmental, hydrogen production, hydrogen filling, hydrogen filling station, distributed-centralized integrated hydrogen producing and filling station

中图分类号:

TK91

王业勤, 杜雯雯, 叶根银, 何清保, 易竖棚. 制氢加氢“子母站”建设规划浅析[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S2): 121-127.

Yeqin WANG, Wenwen DU, Gengen YE, Qingbao HE, Shupeng YI. A brief analysis on “distributed-centralized hydrogen producing and filling station” planning[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S2): 121-127.

图/表 8

参考文献 9

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项目	碱性水电解	PEM水电解	SOEC水电解
技术成熟度	工业化应用	小规模应用	研发阶段
运行温度/℃	60～80	50～80	900～1000
运行压力/MPa	＜5.0	＜5.0	＜3.0
电流密度/A?cm^-2	0.2～0.4	0.6～2.0	0.3～1.0
电解小室电压/V	＜2.2	＜2.0	＜1.2
电解能耗(标准)/kW·h·m^-3	4.4～5.1	4.3～5.0	＜3.5
氢气纯度/%	＞99.8	约99.999	—
能量效率/%	62～82	67～82	81～92
优势	技术成熟、成本低	电流密度大、体积小、质量轻、无碱液腐蚀、产品纯度高	能量转换效率高
劣势	电流密度低、体积大、易腐蚀	成本高、原水要求高	高温条件、材料要求高、成本高

项目	碱性水电解	PEM水电解	SOEC水电解
技术成熟度	工业化应用	小规模应用	研发阶段
运行温度/℃	60～80	50～80	900～1000
运行压力/MPa	＜5.0	＜5.0	＜3.0
电流密度/A?cm^-2	0.2～0.4	0.6～2.0	0.3～1.0
电解小室电压/V	＜2.2	＜2.0	＜1.2
电解能耗(标准)/kW·h·m^-3	4.4～5.1	4.3～5.0	＜3.5
氢气纯度/%	＞99.8	约99.999	—
能量效率/%	62～82	67～82	81～92
优势	技术成熟、成本低	电流密度大、体积小、质量轻、无碱液腐蚀、产品纯度高	能量转换效率高
劣势	电流密度低、体积大、易腐蚀	成本高、原水要求高	高温条件、材料要求高、成本高

制氢工艺路线	氢气制取成本/元?kg^-1	原料价格
天然气制氢	9～23	2～4元/m³
甲醇制氢	17～29	2000～3500元/t
水电解制氢	8～72	0.1～1元/kWh

制氢工艺路线	氢气制取成本/元?kg^-1	原料价格
天然气制氢	9～23	2～4元/m³
甲醇制氢	17～29	2000～3500元/t
水电解制氢	8～72	0.1～1元/kWh

运输距离 /km	气态氢气运输成本		液态氢气运输成本 /元·kg^-1·km^-1
运输距离 /km	18MPa/元·kg^-1	30MPa/元·kg^-1	液态氢气运输成本 /元·kg^-1·km^-1
50	1.959	1.020	0.20
100	3.850	2.005	0.39
150	5.673	2.955	0.56
200	7.564	3.940	0.75
250	9.523	4.960	0.95
300	11.347	5.910	1.12
400	15.196	7.915	1.47
500	18.843	9.814	1.85
600	—	—	2.20
700	—	—	2.51
800	—	—	2.86
900	—	—	3.20
1000	—	—	3.55